PART I
Statements made in this Form 10-K that are not historical facts may constitute forward-
looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those discussed. Words such as expects, may, will,
anticipates, intends,
plans, believes, seeks, estimates, and similar expressions identify forward-looking
statements. See Risk Factors and Note 1 to Financial Statements.
Item 1. Description of Business
Overview
BioTime, Inc. (the Company or BioTime) is a development stage company engaged in
the research and development of synthetic solutions that can be used as blood plasma volume
expanders, blood replacement solutions during hypothermic (low temperature) surgery, and organ
preservation solutions. Plasma volume expanders are used to treat blood loss in surgical or trauma
patients until blood loss becomes so severe that a transfusion of packed red blood cells or other
blood products is required. The Company is also developing a specially formulated hypothermic
blood substitute solution that would have a similar function and would be used for the replacement
of very large volumes of a patients blood during cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and other surgeries
that involve lowering the patients body temperature to hypothermic levels.
The Companys first product, Hextend®, is a physiologically balanced blood plasma volume
expander, for the treatment of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia is a condition often associated with blood
loss during surgery or from injury. Hextend maintains circulatory system fluid volume and oncotic
pressure and keeps vital organs perfused during surgery. Hextend, approved for use in major surgery,
is the only blood plasma volume expander that contains hetastarch, buffer, multiple electrolytes and
glucose. Hextend is designed to compete with and to replace products such as albumin and other
colloid solutions, as well as crystalloid solutions, that have been used to maintain fluid volume and
blood pressure during surgery. Hextend is also completely sterile to avoid risk of infection. Health
insurance reimbursements and HMO coverage now include the cost of Hextend used in surgical
procedures.
Hextend is being sold in the United States by Abbott Laboratories under an exclusive license
from the Company. Abbott also has the right to sell Hextend in Canada, where an application for
marketing approval is pending. The Company has granted Horus, B.V., a subsidiary of Akzo Nobel,
N.V. , an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Hextend in all other parts of the world except
Japan. Sales of Hextend by Horus are expected to begin after regulatory approval to market
Hextend is obtained in the various countries under its license. Abbott and Horus also have a right
to obtain licenses to manufacture and sell other BioTime products. See Licensing for more
information about the license granted to Abbott Laboratories and to Horus.
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Because Hextend is a surgical product, sales will be determined by anesthesiologists,
surgeons practicing a variety of specialties, and hospital pharmacists. Abbotts marketing strategy
is designed to reach this target customer base through sales calls and an advertising campaign
focused on the physiological basis of using a plasma-like substance to replace lost blood volume and
the ability of Hextend to support vital physiological processes.
As part of the marketing program, Abbott and the Company have financed a number of
studies showing the advantages of receiving Hextend and other BioTime products during surgery.
As these studies are completed, the results will be presented at medical conferences and articles will
be written for publication in medical journals. Most recently two articles discussing laboratory
studies using Hextend and PentaLyte have appeared in the February 2001 edition of Anesthesia and
Analgesia. Another article featuring the results of our clinical study of elderly surgical patients,
which compared lactated Ringers and Hextend to saline and Hetastarch in saline in the treatment
of hypovolemia, has been accepted for publication by a peer reviewed journal. This study was
sponsored by BioTime and was conducted at hospitals affiliated with the University College of
London Hospitals.
The Company is also aware of independent studies using Hextend that are being conducted
by physicians and hospitals, who may publish their findings in medical journals. Horus is expected
to conduct marketing studies as well after it obtains regulatory approval and begins to market
Hextend. As these studies are completed, the results will be presented at medical conferences and
articles will be written for publication in medical journals. The outcome of the planned medical
studies and timing of the publication of the results could have an effect on the growth of demand for
and sales of Hextend.
Abbott is also working with hospitals to have Hextend approved for use and added to hospital
formularies, and has obtained or is seeking formulary committee approval at several hundred
hospitals. Inclusion on hospital formularies is important because it enables physicians to obtain
Hextend without the need to special order it. Obtaining formulary approval generally takes several
months and requires diligent efforts by the sales force who not only provide Hextend to the hospital
but also can provide the formulary committee with necessary information showing that the product
is safe and effective.
The Company is also developing two other blood volume replacement products, PentaLyte,®
and HetaCool, that, like Hextend,® have been formulated to maintain the patients tissue and organ
function by sustaining the patients fluid volume and physiological balance. Various colloid and
crystalloid products are being marketed by other companies for use in maintaining patient fluid
volume in surgery and trauma care, but those solutions do not contain the unique comprehensive
combination of electrolytes, glucose, lactate and hydroxyethyl starch found in Hextend, PentaLyte,
and HetaCool. The Companys products do not contain albumin. Albumin produced from human
plasma is also currently used as a plasma expander, but it is expensive and subject to supply
shortages. Additionally, an FDA (Food and Drug Administration) warning has cautioned
physicians about the risk of administering albumin to seriously ill patients.
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Based upon the results of its clinical studies and laboratory research, the Company has
determined that in many emergency care and surgical applications it is not necessary for a plasma
volume expander to include special oxygen carrying molecules to replace red blood cells. Therefore,
the Company is developing formulations that do not use costly and potentially toxic oxygen carrying
molecules such as synthetic hemoglobin and perfluorocarbons.
In order to commence clinical trials for regulatory approval of new products, such as
PentaLyte and HetaCool, or new therapeutic uses of Hextend, it will be necessary for the Company
to prepare and file with the FDA an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) or an amendment
to expand the present IND for additional Hextend studies. Filings with foreign regulatory agencies
will be required to commence clinical trials overseas.
BioTime has completed a Phase I clinical trial of PentaLyte involving a small number of
subjects and has submitted its findings to the FDA. BioTime plans to test PentaLyte for the
treatment of hypovolemia in surgery. PentaLyte contains a lower molecular weight hydroxyethyl
starch than Hextend, and is more quickly metabolized. PentaLyte is designed for use when short
lasting volume expansion is desirable.
BioTime is also continuing to develop solutions for low temperature surgery and trauma care.
A number of physicians have reported using Hextend to treat hypovolemia under mild hypothermic
conditions during cardiac surgery. Additional cardiac surgeries have been performed at deeper
hypothermic temperatures. In one case, Hextend was used to treat hypovolemia in a cancer patient
operated on under deep hypothermic conditions in which the heart was arrested. Once a sufficient
amount of data from successful low temperature surgery has been compiled, the Company plans to
seek permission to conduct trials using Hextend as a complete replacement for blood under near-
freezing conditions. BioTime currently plans to market Hextend for complete blood volume
replacement at very low temperatures under the registered trade mark HetaCool® after FDA
approval is obtained.
The cost of preparing regulatory filings and conducting clinical trials is not presently
determinable, but could be substantial. It may be necessary for the Company to obtain additional
funds in order to complete any clinical trials that it may conduct for its new products or for new uses
of Hextend. Under its license agreement, Horus will bear regulatory approval and clinical trial costs
for the countries in its territory, other than Sweden where BioTime has an application for regulatory
approval pending.
In addition to developing clinical trial programs, the Company plans to continue to provide
funding for its laboratory testing programs at selected universities, medical schools and hospitals for
the purpose of developing additional uses of Hextend, PentaLyte, HetaCool, and other new products,
but the amount of research that will be conducted at those institutions will depend upon the
Companys financial status.
The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on November 30,
1990. The Companys principal office is located at 935 Pardee Street, Berkeley, California 94710.
Its telephone number at such office is (510) 845-9535.
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Hextend® and PentaLyte® are registered trademarks, and HetaCool is a trademark, of
BioTime, Inc.
Products for Surgery, Plasma Volume Replacement and Emergency Care
The Market for Plasma Volume Expanders
The Company is developing Hextend, PentaLyte, HetaCool and other synthetic plasma
expander solutions to treat acute blood loss that occurs as a result of trauma injuries and during many
kinds of surgery. These products are synthetic, can be sterilized, and can be manufactured in large
volumes. Hextend, PentaLyte, and HetaCool contain constituents that may maintain physiological
balance when used to replace lost blood volume.
Hextend is also currently being used to treat hypovolemia subsequent to trauma or sepsis by
emergency room physicians. After appropriate clinical testing and regulatory approval, it may be
used by paramedics to treat acute blood loss in trauma victims being transported to the hospital.
Military-sponsored researchers are using Hextend in animal models of battlefield trauma, and
promising preliminary results have been reported.
Approximately 10,000,000 surgeries take place in the United States each year, and blood
transfusions are required in approximately 3,000,000 of those cases. Transfusions are also required
to treat patients suffering severe blood loss due to traumatic injury. Many more surgical and trauma
cases do not require blood transfusions but do involve significant bleeding that can place the patient
at risk of suffering from shock caused by the loss of fluid volume (hypovolemia) and physiological
balance. Whole blood and packed red cells generally cannot be administered to a patient until the
patients blood has been typed and sufficient units of compatible blood or red cells can be located.
Periodic shortages of supply of donated human blood are not uncommon, and rare blood types are
often difficult to locate. The use of human blood products also poses the risk of exposing the patient
to blood borne diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis.
Due to the risks and cost of using human blood products, even when a sufficient supply of
compatible blood is available, physicians treating patients suffering blood loss are generally not
permitted to transfuse red blood cells until the patients level of red blood cells has fallen to a level
known as the transfusion trigger. During the course of surgery, while blood volume is being lost,
the patient is infused with plasma volume expanders to maintain adequate blood circulation. During
the surgical procedure, red blood cells are not replaced until the patient has lost approximately 45%
to 50% of their red blood cells, thus reaching the transfusion trigger at which point the transfusion
of red blood cells may be required. After the transfusion of red blood cells, the patient may continue
to experience blood volume loss, which will be replaced with plasma volume expanders. Even in
those patients who do not
require a transfusion, physicians routinely administer plasma volume expanders
to maintain sufficient fluid volume to permit the available red blood cells to
circulate throughout the body and to maintain the patients physiological
balance.
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Several units of fluid replacement products are often administered during surgery. The
number of units will vary depending upon the amount of blood loss and the kind of plasma volume
expander administered. Crystalloid products must be used in larger volumes than colloid products
such as Hextend. Albumin produced from human plasma can be used for this purpose, but it is
expensive and subject to supply shortages. Additionally, an FDA warning has cautioned physicians
about the risk of administering albumin to seriously ill patients.
The Market for Products for Hypothermic Surgery
Approximately 400,000 coronary bypass and other open heart surgeries are performed in the
United States annually, and approximately 18,000 aneurysm surgeries and 4,000 arterio-venous
malformation surgeries were performed in the United States during 1989. Those procedures often
require the use of cardio-pulmonary bypass equipment to do the work of the heart and lungs during
the surgery. During open heart surgery and surgical procedures for the treatment of certain
cardiovascular conditions such as large aneurysms, cardiovascular abnormalities and damaged blood
vessels in the brain, surgeons must temporarily interrupt the flow of blood through the body.
Interruption of blood flow can be maintained only for short periods of time at normal body
temperatures because many critical organs, particularly the brain, are quickly damaged by the
resultant loss of oxygen. As a result, certain surgical procedures are performed at low temperatures
because lower body temperature helps to minimize the chance of damage to the patients organs by
reducing the patients metabolic rate, thereby decreasing the patients needs during surgery for
oxygen and nutrients which normally flow through the blood.
Current technology limits the degree to which surgeons can lower a patients temperature and
the amount of time the patient can be maintained at a low body temperature because blood, even
when diluted, cannot be circulated through the body at near-freezing temperatures. As a result,
surgeons face severe time constraints in performing surgical procedures requiring blood flow
interruption, and those time limitations prevent surgeons from correcting certain cardiovascular
abnormalities.
Hypothermic techniques may also have an important use in treating trauma patients that have
experienced severe blood loss. BioTime is sponsoring a new project at the State University of New
York Health Sciences Center in Brooklyn to study hypothermia and complete blood volume
replacement with HetaCool in an animal model of civilian trauma.
Hextend, PentaLyte and HetaCool
The Companys first three blood volume replacement products, Hextend, PentaLyte, and
HetaCool, have been formulated to maintain the patients tissue and organ function by sustaining the
patients fluid volume and physiological balance. Hextend, PentaLyte, and HetaCool, are composed
of a hydroxyethyl starch, electrolytes, sugar and a buffer in an aqueous base. Hextend and HetaCool
use a high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch) whereas PentaLyte uses a lower
molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (pentastarch). The hetastarch is retained in the blood longer
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than the pentastarch, which may make Hextend and HetaCool the products of choice when a larger
volume of plasma expander or blood replacement solution for low temperature surgery is needed or
where the patients ability to restore his own blood proteins after surgery is compromised.
PentaLyte, with pentastarch, would be eliminated from the blood faster than Hextend and HetaCool
and might be used when less plasma expander is needed or where the patient is more capable of
quickly restoring lost blood proteins. The Company has also tested HexaLyte, a new plasma volume
expander that contains a low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch and that would be eliminated
from the body more rapidly than Hextend and HetaCool, but not as rapidly as PentaLyte. BioTime
believes that by testing and bringing these products to the market, it can increase its market share
by providing the medical community with solutions to match patients needs.
Certain clinical test results indicate that Hextend is effective at maintaining blood calcium
levels when used to replace lost blood volume. Calcium can be a significant factor in regulating
blood clotting and cardiac function. The Company expects that PentaLyte will also be able to
maintain blood calcium levels based upon laboratory studies and the fact that the formulation of
PentaLyte is similar to that of Hextend.
BioTime has not attempted to synthesize potentially toxic and costly oxygen carrying
molecules such as hemoglobin because the loss of fluid volume and physiological balance may
contribute as much to shock as the loss of the oxygen carrying component of the blood. Surgical and
trauma patients are routinely given supplemental oxygen and retain a substantial portion of their own
red blood cells. Whole blood or packed red blood cells are generally not transfused during surgery
or in trauma care until several units of plasma or plasma volume expanders have been administered
and the patients hematocrit has fallen to the transfusion trigger. Therefore, the lack of oxygen
carrying molecules in the Companys solutions should not pose a significant contraindication to use.
Hextend is BioTimes proprietary hetastarch-based synthetic blood plasma volume expander,
designed especially to treat hypovolemia in surgery where patients experience significant blood loss.
An important goal of the Hextend development program was to produce a product that can be used
in multi-liter volumes. The safety related secondary endpoints targeted in the U.S. clinical study
included those involving coagulation. The Company believes that the low incidence of adverse
events related to blood clotting in the Hextend patients demonstrates that Hextend may be safely
used in amounts exceeding 1.5 liters. An average of 1.6 liters of Hextend was used in the clinical
trials, with an average of two liters for patients who received transfused blood products.
Hextend is also being used in surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass circuits. In order to
perform heart surgery, the patients heart must be stopped and a mechanical apparatus is used to
oxygenate and circulate the blood. The cardio-pulmonary bypass apparatus requires a blood
compatible fluid such as Hextend to commence and maintain the process of diverting the patients
blood from the heart and lungs to the mechanical oxygenator and pump.
PentaLyte is BioTimes proprietary pentastarch-based synthetic plasma expander, designed
especially for use when a faster elimination of the starch component is desired and acceptable.
Although Hextend can be used in these cases, some physicians appear to prefer a solution which
could be metabolized faster and excreted earlier when the longer term protection provided by
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Hextend is not required. PentaLyte combines the physiologically balanced Hextend formulation
with pentastarch that has a lower molecular weight and degree of substitution than the hetastarch
used in Hextend. Plasma expanders containing pentastarch are currently widely used around the
world. BioTime has submitted the results of a Phase I clinical study and is waiting for the FDA to
complete its review before further clinical studies can begin. BioTimes present plan is to seek
approval of PentaLyte as a cardio-pulmonary by-pass pump priming solution and for the treatment
of hypovolemia.
Abbott and Horus each have a right of first refusal to obtain a license to manufacture and
market PentaLyte in their respective territories under their license agreements with the Company.
HetaCool is a modified formulation of Hextend. HetaCool is specifically designed for use
at low temperatures. Surgeons are already using a variety of other solutions to carry out certain
limited procedures involving shorter term (up to nearly one hour) arrest of brain and heart function
at temperatures between 15º and 25º C. However, BioTime is not aware of any fluid currently used
in medical practice or any medically-approved protocol allowing operations which can completely
replace all of a patients blood at temperatures close to the ice point. The Company believes that
very low temperature bloodless surgical techniques could be developed for open heart and minimally
invasive closed chest cardiovascular surgeries, and removal of tumors from the brain, head, neck,
heart, and other areas.
The Company is in the process of preparing an amendment to its Hextend IND application
to conduct preliminary clinical trials to use HetaCool as a cardio-pulmonary bypass circuit priming
solution in low temperature cardio-vascular surgery. Those preliminary clinical trials will be a step
to preparing an amended IND application to conduct clinical trials using HetaCool as a solution to
replace all of a patients circulating blood volume during profound hypothermic (carried out at near-
freezing temperatures) surgical procedures. The experimental protocol for the planned blood
replacement clinical trial is being tested on animal subjects. HetaCool would be introduced into the
patients body during the cooling process. Once the patients body temperature is nearly ice cold,
and heart and brain function are temporarily arrested, the surgeon would perform the operation.
During the surgery, HetaCool may be circulated throughout the body in place of blood, or the
circulation may be arrested for a period of time if an interruption of fluid circulation is required.
Upon completion of the surgery, the patient would be slowly warmed and blood would be
transfused.
Cardiac surgeons are working to develop innovative procedures to repair damaged coronary
arteries and heart valves. If optically guided surgical instruments can be inserted into the heart
through blood vessels or small incisions, there may be no need to open the patients chest cavity.
BioTime believes that HetaCool may be useful in these minimally invasive closed chest cardiac
procedures because the solution is transparent and if it were used to completely replace blood at low
temperatures it would permit surgeons to use their optically guided instruments inside the heart or
blood vessels without having their view obstructed by blood. The use of BioTimes solutions may
also allow better control over stopping and starting the heart, as well as extending the time period
of such surgeries. BioTime intends to conduct a series of laboratory studies using animal subjects
to test the utility of HetaCool as a low temperature blood substitute in such procedures.
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HetaCool has been used to completely replace the blood volume of hamsters, dogs, pigs, and
baboons at temperatures approaching freezing. Many of these animal subjects survived long term
after hypothermic blood substitution with HetaCool. In these laboratory tests, the animals blood
was replaced by HetaCool and they were chilled for one to more than four hours with deep body
temperatures between 1ºC and 10ºC.
BioTime is developing a new formulation that has allowed the revival of hamsters after as
long as 6.5 hours of hypothermic blood substitution during which time the animals heartbeat and
circulation were stopped.
Abbott and Horus each have a right of first refusal to obtain a license to manufacture and
market HetaCool in their respective territories under their license agreements with the Company.
Organ Transplant Products
The Market for Organ Preservation Solutions
Organ transplant surgery is a growing field. Each year in the United States, approximately
5,000 donors donate organs, and approximately 5,000 people donate skin, bone and other tissues.
As
more surgeons have gained the necessary expertise and surgical methods have been
refined, the number of transplant procedures has increased, as has the
percentage of successful transplants. Organ transplant surgeons and their
patients face two major obstacles, namely the shortage of available organs from
donors, and the limited amount of time that a transplantable organ can be kept
viable between the time it is harvested from the donor and the time it is
transplanted into the recipient.
The scarcity of transplantable organs makes them too precious to lose and increases the
importance of effective preservation technology and products. Current organ removal and
preservation technology
generally requires multiple preservation solutions to remove and preserve
effectively different groups of organs. The removal of one organ can impair the
viability of other organs. Available technology does not permit surgeons to keep
the remaining organs viable within
the donors body for a significant time
after the first organ is removed. Currently, an organ available for transplant
is flushed with an ice cold solution during the removal process to deactivate
the organ and preserve its tissues, and then the organ is transported on ice to
the donee. The ice cold solutions currently used, together with transportation
on ice, keep the organ healthy for only a short period of time. For example, the
storage time for hearts is limited to approximately six hours. Because of the
short time span available for removal and transplant of an organ, potential
organ donees may not receive the needed organs.
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BioTime is seeking to address this problem by developing a more effective organ preservation
solution that will permit surgeons to harvest all transplantable organs from a single donor. The
Company believes that preserving the viability of all transplantable organs and tissues
simultaneously, at low temperatures, would extend by several hours the time span in which the
organs can be preserved prior to transplant.
Using HetaCool for Multi-Organ Preservation. The Company is seeking to develop
HetaCool for use as a single solution that can simultaneously preserve all of a single donors organs.
When used as an organ preservation solution, HetaCool would be perfused into the donors body
while the body is chilled, thereby eliminating an undesirable condition called warm ischemia,
caused when an organ is warm while its blood supply is interrupted. The use of HetaCool in
conjunction with the chilling of the body should help to slow down the process of organ deterioration
by a number of hours so that a surgeon can remove all organs for donation and transplant. The
Companys current estimates are that each such preservation procedure could require as much as 50
liters of HetaCool.
The Company believes that the ability to replace an animals blood with the Companys
HetaCool solution, to maintain the animal at near freezing temperatures for several hours, and then
revive the animal, would demonstrate that the solution could be used for multi-organ preservation.
Company scientists have revived animals after more than six hours of cold blood-substitution, and
have observed heart function in animals maintained cold and blood-substituted for more than eight
hours. An objective of the Companys research and development program is to extend the time span
in which animal subjects can be maintained in a cold, blood-substituted state before revival or
removal of organs for transplant purposes. Organ transplant procedures using animal subjects could
then be conducted to test the effectiveness of Hextend as an organ preservative.
A successful transplant of a lung cooled inside the donors body prior to transplant has
recently been reported in Sweden. The patient who received the lung is reported to be doing well
several months later. The success of that transplant, which did not involve the use of a BioTime
product, involved the preservation and transplant of a single organ, but indicates that hypothermic
techniques can be used to preserve organs in the donor prior to removal for transplant.
Long-term Tissue and Organ Banking
The development of marketable products and technologies for the preservation of tissues and
vital organs for weeks and months is a long-range goal of the Companys research and development
plan. To permit such long-term organ banking the Company is attempting to develop products and
technologies that can protect tissues and organs from the damage that occurs when human tissues
are subjected to subfreezing temperatures.
HetaFreeze is one of a family of BioTimes freeze-protective solutions which may ultimately
allow the extension of time during which organs and tissues can be stored for future transplant or
surgical grafting. In laboratory experiments, BioTimes proprietary freeze-protective compounds
have already been used to preserve skin when used as a whole animal perfusate. Silver dollar size
full thickness shaved skin samples have been removed after saturation with HetaFreeze solution,
frozen at liquid nitrogen temperatures and stored for periods ranging from days to weeks. The grafts
were then warmed and sewn onto the backs of host animals. Many of these grafts survived.
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In other laboratory experiments, BioTime scientists have shown that animals can be revived
to consciousness after partial freezing with their blood replaced by HetaFreeze. While this
technology has not developed to an extent that allows long term survival of the laboratory subjects,
and their organs, a better understanding of the effects of partial freezing could allow for extended
preservation times for vital organs, skin and blood vessels.
Other Potential Uses of BioTime Solutions
Isolated regional perfusion of anti-cancer drugs has been used to treat melanoma of the limbs,
and inoperable tumors of the liver. The Company believes that employing such a procedure while
the patient is kept in ice-cold blood-substitution may allow high doses of toxic anti-cancer drugs to
be directed at inoperable tumors within vital organs, which would selectively be warmed. Keeping
the rest of the patient in a cold, blood substituted state may reduce or eliminate the circulation of the
toxic drugs to healthy tissues.
BioTime considers such surgical techniques to be a longer range goal of its research and
development program for hypothermic surgery products. Use of this complex technology in the
practice of oncology can occur only after ice-cold blood-substitution has advanced to an appropriate
level of safety and effectiveness.
Research and Development Strategy
From inception through December 31, 2000, the Company has spent $19,945,350 on research
and development. The greatest portion of BioTimes research and development efforts have been
devoted to the development of Hextend, PentaLyte and HetaCool for conventional surgery,
emergency care, low temperature surgery, and multi-organ preservation. A lesser portion of the
Companys research and
development efforts have been devoted to developing solutions and protocols for
storing organs and tissues at subfreezing temperatures. In the future the
Company may explore other applications of its products and technologies,
including cancer chemotherapy. As the first products achieve market entry, more
effort will be expended to bring the next tier of products to maturity.
One major focus of the Companys research and development effort has been on products and
technology to extend the time animals can be kept cold and blood-substituted, and then revived
without physical impairment. An integral part of that effort has been the development of techniques
and procedures or protocols for use of the Companys products. A substantial amount of data has
been accumulated through animal tests, including the proper surgical techniques, drugs and
anesthetics, the temperatures and pressures at which blood and blood replacement solutions should
be removed, restored and circulated, solution volume, the temperature range, and times, for
maintaining circulatory arrest, and the rate at which the subject should be rewarmed.
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Experiments intended to test the efficacy of the Companys low temperature blood
replacement solutions and protocols for surgical applications involve replacing the animals blood
with the Companys solution, maintaining the animal in a cold blood-substituted state for a period
of time, and then attempting to revive the animal. Experiments for multi-organ preservation involve
the maintenance of the animal subjects at cold temperatures for longer periods of time than would
be required for many surgical applications, followed by transplant procedures to test the viability of
one or more of the subjects vital organs.
The Company is conducting experiments at hospitals, medical schools, and university
research facilities. These collaborative research programs are testing solutions and protocols
developed in the Companys laboratories and, in some cases, comparing the efficacy of the
Companys products with commercially available FDA approved products manufactured by other
companies. Collaborative gerontological research is being conducting at the University of California
at Berkeley. The Company intends to continue to foster relations with research hospitals and
medical schools for the purpose of conducting collaborative research projects because it believes that
such projects will introduce the Companys potential products to members of the medical profession
and provide the Company with objective product evaluations from independent research physicians
and surgeons.
Licensing
Abbott Laboratories
On April 23, 1997, the Company and Abbott entered into a License Agreement under which
the Company granted to Abbott an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Hextend in the United
States and Canada for all therapeutic uses other than those involving hypothermic surgery where the
patients body temperature is lower than 12ºC (Hypothermic Use), or replacement of substantially
all of a patients
circulating blood volume (Total Body Washout). The Company has
retained all rights to manufacture, sell or license Hextend and other products
in all other countries.
Under the Abbott License Agreement, Abbott has agreed to pay the Company up to
$40,000,000 in license fees, of which $2,500,000 has been paid to date for the grant of the license
and the achievement of certain milestones. Up to $37,500,000 of additional license fees will be
payable based upon annual net sales of Hextend, at the rate of 10% of annual net sales if annual net
sales exceed $30,000,000 or 5% if annual net sales are between $15,000,0000 and $30,000,000.
Abbotts obligation to pay licensing fees on sales of Hextend will expire on the earlier of January 1,
2007 or, on a country by country basis, when all patents protecting Hextend in the applicable country
expire or any third party obtains certain regulatory approvals to market a generic equivalent product
in that country.
In addition to the license fees, Abbott will pay the Company a royalty on total annual net
sales of Hextend. The royalty rate will be 5% plus an additional .22% for each $1,000,000 of annual
net sales, up to a maximum royalty rate of 36%. The royalty rate for each year will be applied on
a total net sales basis. Abbotts obligation to pay royalties on sales of Hextend will expire in the
United States or Canada when all patents protecting Hextend in the applicable country expire and
any third party obtains certain regulatory approvals to market a generic equivalent product in that
country.
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Abbott has agreed that the Company may convert Abbotts exclusive license to a non-
exclusive license or may terminate the license outright if certain minimum sales and royalty
payments are not met. In order to terminate the license outright, the Company would pay a
termination fee in an amount ranging from the milestone payments made by Abbott to an amount
equal to three times prior year net sales, depending upon when termination occurs. Abbotts
exclusive license also may terminate, without the payment of termination fees by the Company, if
Abbott fails to market Hextend. Abbott has agreed to manufacture Hextend for sale by the Company
in the event that Abbotts exclusive license is terminated in either case.
Abbott has a right to acquire additional licenses to manufacture and sell the Companys other
plasma expander products in the United States and Canada. If Abbott exercises its right to acquire
a license to sell such products for uses other than Hypothermic Surgery or Total Body Washout, in
addition to paying royalties, Abbott will be obligated to pay a license fee based upon the Companys
direct and indirect research, development and other costs allocable to the new product. If Abbott
desires to acquire a license to sell any of the Companys products for use in Hypothermic Surgery
or Total Body Washout, the license fees and other terms of the license will be subject to negotiation
between the parties. For the purpose of determining the applicable royalty rates, net sales of any
such new products licensed by Abbott will be aggregated with sales of Hextend. If Abbott does not
exercise its right to acquire a new product license, the Company may manufacture and sell the
product itself or may license others to do so.
In order to preserve its rights to obtain an exclusive license for PentaLyte under its License
Agreement, Abbott notified the Company that Abbott will supply BioTime with batches of
PentaLyte, characterization and stability studies, and other regulatory support needed for BioTime
to file an IND and conduct clinical studies.
The foregoing description of the Abbott License Agreement is a summary only and is
qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of that License Agreement.
Horus/Akzo Nobel
On February 13, 2001, BioTime, Inc. and Horus B.V. (Horus), a subsidiary of Akzo Nobel,
N.V. (Akzo) entered into an Exclusive License Agreement under which BioTime has granted to
Horus an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Hextend in all parts of the world except the
United States, Canada and Japan.
Under its License Agreement, Horus has agreed to pay BioTime an initial license fee of
$4,000,000, plus up to $5,500,000 in additional license fees upon the attainment of certain
milestones pertaining to the commencement of sales in the European Union and the issuance of
certain European patents. BioTime will earn royalties of not less than 12% nor more than 15% of
net sales of Hextend manufactured and sold in certain countries under certain patents, or not less than
13
6% and not more than 7.5% of net sales of Hextend manufactured in countries in which patent
protection has been obtained but sold in countries in which patents have not yet been issued. Horus
will pay a royalty of not less than 2% and not more than 3.5% of net sales of Hextend for the use of
licensed proprietary technology, plus a royalty of 2% of net sales for the use of the Hextend
trademark, with respect to sales of Hextend manufactured and sold in countries in which patents are
not issued or have expired.
Horus will be responsible for obtaining regulatory approval for the use of Hextend in those
countries in which it plans to market the product, except that BioTime will continue to process its
pending application for regulatory approval in Sweden. The parties expect that regulatory approval
activities and marketing of Hextend will be conducted for Horus by Organon Teknika, another Akzo
subsidiary that sells a variety of pharmaceutical and hospital products world-wide. Akzo has agreed
to guaranty the performance of Horus obligations under the License Agreement.
Horus may also acquire additional licenses to manufacture and sell other BioTime plasma
expander products, such as PentaLyte and HetaCool, outside the United States, Canada and Japan.
If Horus does not exercise its right to acquire a new product license, BioTime may manufacture and
sell the product itself or may license others to do so.
Horus obligations under the License Agreement are conditioned upon the confirmation of
certain manufacturing and supply arrangements. BioTimes obligations are conditioned upon its
receipt of the initial license fee payment, and it will have the right to terminate the License
Agreement if it does not receive that payment within sixty (60) days.
The foregoing description of the Horus License Agreement is a summary only and is qualified
in all respects by reference to the full text of the License Agreement.
Other Licensing Efforts
Representatives of the Company and Nihon Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. (Nihon) have
been discussing the development of BioTime products for the Japanese market, and the development
of a clinical trial program to obtain Japanese regulatory approval. Nihon and the Company
previously signed a letter of intent to negotiate a licensing agreement to manufacture and market
BioTime products in Japan. Nihon is a subsidiary of Takeda Chemical Industries, Japans largest
pharmaceutical manufacturer. In licensing arrangements that include marketing rights, the
participating pharmaceutical company would be entitled to retain a large portion of the revenues
from sales to end users and would pay the Company a royalty on net sales. There is no assurance
that any such additional arrangements can be made.
14
Manufacturing
Manufacturing Arrangements
Abbott manufactures Hextend for the North American market, and NPBI International, BV,
a Netherlands company (NPBI), has manufactured lots of Hextend for the Companys use in
seeking regulatory approval in Europe. Abbott and NPBI have the facilities to manufacture Hextend
and other BioTime products in commercial quantities. If Abbott chooses not to obtain a license to
manufacture and market another BioTime product, and if NPBI declines to manufacture BioTime
products on a commercial basis, other manufacturers will have to be found that would be willing
manufacture products for BioTime, Horus, or any other licensee of BioTime products.
Facilities Required
Any products that are used in clinical trials for regulatory approval in the United States or
abroad, or that are approved by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities for marketing, have to be
manufactured according to good manufacturing practices at a facility that has passed regulatory
inspection. In addition, products that are approved for sale will have to be manufactured in
commercial quantities, and with sufficient stability to withstand the distribution process, and in
compliance with such domestic and foreign regulatory requirements as may be applicable. The
active ingredients and component parts of the products must be either USP or themselves
manufactured according to good manufacturing practices.
The Company does not have facilities to manufacture its products in commercial quantities,
or under good manufacturing practices. Acquiring a manufacturing facility would involve
significant expenditure of time and money for design and construction of the facility, purchasing
equipment, hiring and training a production staff, purchasing raw material and attaining an efficient
level of production. Although the Company has not determined the cost of constructing production
facilities that meet FDA
requirements, it expects that the cost would be substantial, and that the
Company would need to raise additional capital in the future for that purpose.
To avoid the incurrence of those expenses and delays, the Company is relying on
contract and licensing arrangements with established pharmaceutical companies
for the production of the Companys products, but there can be no assurance
that satisfactory arrangements will be made for any new products that the
Company may develop.
Raw Materials
Although most ingredients in the products being developed by the Company are readily
obtainable from multiple sources, the Company knows of only a few manufacturers of the
hydroxyethyl starches that serve as the drug substance in Hextend, PentaLyte and HetaCool. Abbott
presently has a source of supply of the hydroxyethyl starch used in Hextend, PentaLyte and
HetaCool, and has agreed to maintain a supply sufficient to meet market demand for Hextend in the
United States and Canada. Horus is presently making arrangements to obtain a supply of the
hydroxyethyl starch needed to manufacture Hextend for overseas markets. The Company believes
that it and Hours will be able to obtain a sufficient supply of starch for its needs in the foreseeable
future, although the Company and Horus do not have supply agreements in place. If for any reason
a sufficient supply of hydroxyethyl starch could not be obtained, the Company or a licensee would
have to acquire a manufacturing facility and the technology to produce the hydroxyethyl starch
15
according to good manufacturing practices. The Company would have to raise additional capital
to participate in the development and acquisition of the necessary production technology and
facilities.
If arrangements cannot be made for a source of supply of hydroxyethyl starch, the Company
would have to reformulate its solutions to use one or more other starches that are more readily
available. In order to reformulate its products, the Company would have to perform new laboratory
testing to determine whether the alternative starches could be used in a safe and effective synthetic
plasma volume expander, low temperature blood substitute or organ preservation solution. If needed,
such testing would be costly to conduct and would delay the Companys product development
program, and there is no certainty that any such testing would demonstrate that an alternative
ingredient, even if chemically similar to the one currently used, would be as safe or effective.
Marketing
Hextend is being sold by Abbott in the United States. When regulatory approval is obtained,
Hextend will be sold by Abbott in Canada, and by Horus or other Akzo companies in other parts of
the world, except Japan where BioTime has not yet granted marketing rights.
Because Hextend is a surgical product, sales efforts must be directed to anesthesiologists,
surgeons, intensive care and trauma care physicians, and hospital pharmacists. In order to reach that
customer base in the United States, sales calls are made to hospital pharmacies, advertisements are
placed in medical journals, and presentations of marketing information are made to physicians
individually and at medical
conferences and in the hospital setting. Abbott is also working with hospitals
to have Hextend approved for use and added to hospital formularies. As is common
in the pharmaceutical industry, many customers received free samples of Hextend,
which is often an effective way to introduce a new product to physicians, but
also may result in a delay in the first purchase until a re-order is needed.
Hextend competes with other products used to treat or prevent hypovolemia, including
albumin, generic 6% hetastarch solutions, and crystalloid solutions. The competing products have
been commonly used in surgery and trauma care for many years, and in order to sell Hextend,
physicians must be convinced to change their product loyalties. Although albumin is expensive,
crystalloid solutions and generic 6% hetastarch solutions sell at low prices. In order to compete with
other products, particularly those that sell at lower prices, Hextend will have to be recognized as
providing medically significant advantages. As part of the marketing program, Abbott, Horus, and
the Company will finance a number of limited medical studies comparing outcomes of patients
receiving Hextend and patients receiving other products during surgery, and comparing the relative
patient care cost of using Hextend compared to other products. The results of these studies will be
published in a series of abstracts, reports and peer reviewed journal articles intended for the target
Hextend customer base. It will take time to complete these studies and publish the results. The
outcome of the planned medical studies and timing of the publication of the results could have an
effect on the growth of demand for and sales of Hextend.
16
Government Regulation
The FDA and foreign regulatory authorities will regulate the Companys proposed products
as drugs, biologicals, or medical devices, depending upon such factors as the use to which the
product will be put, the chemical composition and the interaction of the product on the human body.
In the United States, products that are intended to be introduced into the body, such as blood
substitute solutions for low temperature surgery and plasma expanders, will be regulated as drugs
and will be reviewed by the FDA staff responsible for evaluating biologicals.
The Companys domestic human drug products will be subject to rigorous FDA review and
approval procedures. After testing in animals, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must
be filed with the FDA to obtain authorization for human testing. Extensive clinical testing, which
is generally done in three phases, must then be undertaken at a hospital or medical center to
demonstrate optimal use, safety and efficacy of each product in humans. Each clinical study is
conducted under the auspices of an independent Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB will
consider, among other things, ethical factors, the safety of human subjects and the possible liability
of the institution. The time and expense required to perform this clinical testing can far exceed the
time and expense of the research and development initially required to create the product. No action
can be taken to market any therapeutic product in the United States until an appropriate New Drug
Application (NDA) has been approved by the FDA. Even after initial FDA approval has been
obtained, further studies may be required to provide additional data on safety or to gain approval for
the use of a product as a treatment for clinical indications other than those initially targeted. In
addition, use of these
products during testing and after marketing could reveal side effects that could
delay, impede or prevent FDA marketing approval, resulting in a FDA-ordered
product recall, or in FDA-imposed limitations on permissible uses.
The FDA regulates the manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products, requiring that they
be produced in compliance with good manufacturing practices. See Manufacturing. The FDA
also regulates the content of advertisements used to market pharmaceutical products. Generally,
claims made in advertisements concerning the safety and efficacy of a product, or any advantages
of a product over an other product, must be supported by clinical data filed as part of an NDA or an
amendment to an NDA, and statements regarding the use of a product must be consistent with the
FDA approved labeling and dosage information for that product.
Sales of pharmaceutical products outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory
requirements that vary widely from country to country. Even if FDA approval has been obtained,
approval of a product by comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries must be obtained
prior to the commencement of marketing the product in those countries. The time required to obtain
such approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.
17
Patents and Trade Secrets
The Company holds a number of United States patents having composition and methods of
use claims covering BioTimes proprietary solutions, including Hextend and PentaLyte. The most
recent U.S. patents were issued during 1998. Patents covering certain of the Companys solutions
have also been issued in Australia, Israel, Russia, South Africa, and South Korea. Additional patent
applications have been filed in the United States and numerous other countries for Hextend,
PentaLyte and other solutions.
There is no assurance that any additional patents will be issued, or that any patents now held
or later obtained by the Company will not be successfully challenged by third parties and declared
invalid or infringing of third party claims. Further, the enforcement of patent rights often requires
litigation against third party infringers, and such litigation can be costly to pursue.
The protection of patents and licenses is important to BioTimes business, and the amount
of royalties it receives from sales of its products under the Horus License Agreement will depend
in part upon whether BioTime holds patents to Hextend in the country where it is sold or in the
country where it is manufactures, with a higher royalty rate applying when there is patent protection
in the country where the product is sold. See Licensing-Horus/Akzo Nobel.
In addition to patents, the Company will rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing
technological advancement to maintain its competitive position. The Company has entered into
intellectual property, invention and non-disclosure agreements with its employees and it is the
Companys practice to enter into confidentiality agreements with its consultants. There can be no
assurance, however, that these measures will prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of the
Companys trade secrets and know-how or that others may not independently develop similar trade
secrets and know-how or obtain access to the Companys trade secrets, know-how or proprietary
technology.
Competition
The Companys solutions will compete with products currently used to treat or prevent
hypovolemia, including albumin, other colloid solutions, and crystalloid solutions presently
manufactured by established pharmaceutical companies, and with human blood products. Some of
these products, in particular crystalloid solutions, are commonly used in surgery and trauma care and
sell at low prices. In order to compete with other products, particularly those that sell at lower
prices, the Companys products will have to be recognized as providing medically significant
advantages. Like Hextend, the competing products are being manufactured and marketed by
established pharmaceutical companies that have large research facilities, technical staffs and
financial and marketing resources. B.Braun presently markets Hespan, an artificial plasma volume
expander containing 6% hetastarch in saline solution. Abbott and Baxter International manufacture
and sell a generic equivalent of Hespan. As a result of the introduction of generic plasma expanders
intended to compete with Hespan, competition in the plasma expander market has intensified and
wholesale prices have declined. Abbott, which markets Hextend for BioTime in the Untied States,
is also the leading seller of generic 6% hetastarch in saline solution.
18
To compete with new and existing plasma expanders, the Company is developing products
that contain constituents that may prevent or reduce the physiological imbalances, bleeding, fluid
overload, edema, poor oxygenation, and organ failure that can occur when competing products are
used. To compete with existing organ preservation solutions, the Company is seeking to develop
a solution that can be used to preserve all organs simultaneously and for long periods of time.
A number of other companies are known to be developing hemoglobin and synthetic red
blood cell substitutes and technologies. BioTimes products have been developed for use either
before red blood cells are needed or in conjunction with the use of red blood cells. In contrast,
hemoglobin and other red blood cell substitute products are designed to remedy ischemia and similar
conditions that may result from the loss of oxygen carrying red blood cells. Those products would
not necessarily compete with the Companys products unless the oxygenating molecules were
included in solutions that could replace fluid volume and prevent or reduce the physiological
imbalances as effectively as the Companys products. Generally, red blood cell substitutes are more
expensive to produce and potentially more toxic than Hextend and PentaLyte.
Competition in the areas of business targeted by the Company is likely to intensify further
as new products and technologies reach the market. Superior new products are likely to sell for
higher prices and generate higher profit margins once acceptance by the medical community is
achieved. Those companies that are successful in introducing new products and technologies to the
market first may gain significant economic advantages over their competitors in the establishment
of a customer base and track record for the performance of their products and technologies. Such
companies will also benefit from revenues from sales which could be used to strengthen their
research and development, production, and marketing resources. All companies engaged in the
medical products industry face the risk of obsolescence of their products and technologies as more
advanced or cost effective products and technologies are developed by their competitors. As the
industry matures, companies will compete based upon the performance and cost effectiveness of
their products.
Employees
As of December 31, 2000, the Company employed 13 persons on a full-time basis and 3
persons on a part-time basis. Three full-time employees and two part-time employees hold Ph.D.
Degrees in one or more fields of science.
Risk Factors
Some
of the factors that could materially affect the Companys operations are
and prospects are discussed below. There may be other factors that are not
mentioned here or of which BioTime is not presently aware that could also affect
BioTimes operations.
Development Stage Company; Continuing Operating Losses
BioTime is in the development stage, and, is principally engaged in research and development
activities. To date, the Companys operating revenues have been generated primarily from licensing
fees, including $2,500,000 received from Abbott for the right to manufacture and market Hextend
in the United States and Canada. BioTime recently entered into a license agreement with Horus
under which BioTime expects to receive up to $9,500,000 of license fees for the right to manufacture
and market Hextend overseas. Only one of the Companys products is presently on
19
the market, and
since the Company received FDA approval to market Hextend it has received $92,883 of royalties
on sales. As a result of the developmental nature of its business and the limited sales of its product,
since the Companys inception in November 1990 it has incurred $27,111,413 of losses. There can
be no assurance that the Company will generate sufficient revenues from licensing its products and
technologies and from royalties on sales of its products to be profitable.
Uncertainty of Future Sales; Competition
The Companys ability to generate substantial operating revenue depends upon the ability of
Abbott and Horus to successfully market Hextend and any other BioTime products that they may
license in the future. There can be no assurance that Hextend or any other products that receive FDA
or foreign regulatory approval will be successfully marketed or that the Company will receive
sufficient revenues from product sales to meet its operating expenses. The acceptance of the
Companys products and technologies by the medical profession will take time to develop because
many physicians and hospitals are reluctant to try a new product due to the high degree of risk
associated with the application of new technologies and products in the field of human medicine.
Hextend
and BioTimes other plasma expander products will compete with products
currently used to treat or prevent hypovolemia, including albumin and other
colloid solutions, and crystalloid solutions. Some of these products, in
particular crystalloid solutions, are commonly used in surgery and trauma care
and sell at low prices. In order to compete with other products, particularly
those
that sell at lower prices,
the Companys products will have to be recognized as providing medically
significant advantages. Such recognition may come from the publication of
medical studies in medical journals or the presentation of the results of such
studies at medical conferences. While some studies of Hextend have already been
published or presented at medical conferences, it will take time to complete
further studies and for the results of those studies to be published or
presented.
Products
that compete with Hextend are being manufactured and marketed by established
pharmaceutical companies with substantial resources. B. Braun presently markets
Hespan, an artificial plasma volume expander that contains 6% hetastarch in
saline solution. Abbott and Baxter International manufacture and sell a generic
equivalent of Hespan. As a result of the introduction of generic plasma
expanders intended to compete with Hespan, competition in the plasma expander
market has intensified and wholesale prices have declined. There also is a risk
that the Companys competitors may succeed in developing safer or more
effective products that could render the Companys products and
technologies obsolete or noncompetitive.
BioTime Needs to Raise Additional Capital
The
Company needs to raise capital to meet its operating expenses until such time as
it is able to generate sufficient revenues from product sales or royalties.
BioTime expects to receive a $4,000,000 licensing fee from Horus when certain
product manufacturing and supply arrangements have been confirmed, but BioTime
is not certain when that will occur. During March 2001, BioTime entered into a
Revolving Line of Credit Agreement (the Credit Agreement) with
Alfred D. Kingsley, an investor and consultant to the Company, under which
BioTime may borrow up to $1,000,000 for working capital purposes. Amounts
borrowed under the Credit Agreement will be due in one year or when BioTime
receives at least $2,000,000 through the sale of capital stock, loans from
20
other
lenders, fees under licensing agreements, or any combination of those sources.
Mandatory prepayments of principal will be due to the extent that the Company
receives funds from any one or more of those sources in excess of $1,000,000 but
less than $2,000,000. Although BioTime believes that its cash on hand and funds
available under the Credit Agreement will be sufficient to allow it to continue
its operations on a limited scale for 12 months, it will need additional funds,
including the license fees expected to be received from Horus, to begin clinical
trials of PentaLyte and to conduct its other product development and research
programs. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise
additional funds on favorable terms or at all, or that such funds, if raised,
will be sufficient to permit the Company to continue its operations,
notwithstanding the progress of its research and development projects. The
Companys operating expenses will increase if it succeeds in bringing
additional products out of the laboratory testing phase of development and into
clinical trials. Additional financing may be required for the continuation or
expansion of the Companys research and product development, additional
clinical trials of new products, and production and marketing of Company
products that receive FDA or foreign regulatory approval. Although the Company
will continue to seek licensing fees from pharmaceutical companies for licenses
to manufacture and market new products such as PentaLyte and HetaCool,
additional sales of equity or debt securities may be required to meet the
Companys short-term capital needs. Sales of additional equity securities
could result in the dilution of the interests of present shareholders.
BioTime Products Cannot Be Marketed Without FDA and Other Regulatory Approvals
The products that BioTime develops cannot be sold until the FDA and corresponding foreign
regulatory authorities approve the products for medical use. The regulatory process, which includes
preclinical, clinical and post-clinical testing of each product to establish its safety and efficacy, can
take several years to complete and require the expenditure of substantial time and funds. Data
obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations which could
delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered as
a result of changes in FDA policy during the period of product development and FDA regulatory
review. Similar delays may also be encountered in foreign countries. There can be no assurance that,
even after substantial expenditures of time and money, regulatory approval will be obtained for any
products developed by the Company. Moreover, even if regulatory approval of a product is granted,
such approval may entail limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed.
After regulatory approval is obtained, the approved product, the manufacturer and the manufacturing
facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections, and a later discovery of previously
unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on such product
or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the product from the market. Failure to comply with the
applicable regulatory requirements can, among other things, result in fines, suspensions of regulatory
approvals, product recalls, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution. Additional government
regulation may be established which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of the Companys
products.
21
Uncertainty as to the Successful Development of Medical Products
The
Companys business involves the attempt to develop new medical products and
technologies. Such experimentation is inherently costly, time consuming and
uncertain as to its results. If the Company is successful in developing a new
technology or product, refinement of the new technology or product and
definition of the practical applications and limitations of the technology or
product may take years and require the expenditure of large sums of money. From
the date of the Companys inception through December 31, 2000, the Company
spent $19,945,350 on research and development, and the Company expects to
continue to incur substantial research and development expenses.
Absence of Manufacturing and Marketing Capabilities; Reliance Upon Licensing
The Company presently does not have adequate facilities or resources to manufacture its products
or the hydroxyethyl starches used in its products. BioTime has granted Abbott and Horus exclusive
licenses to manufacture and market Hextend, and BioTime plans to enter into additional arrangements
with pharmaceutical companies for the production and marketing of the Companys products in Japan.
Horus also does not have its own manufacturing facilities for Hextend, and its obligations to market
Hextend depend upon its ability to make manufacturing arrangements and hydroxyethyl starch
supply arrangements with third parties. There can be no assurance that Horus will be successful in
entering into those arrangements.
Patents May Not Protect BioTime Products from Competition
The Company has obtained patents in the United States, Israel, Australia and South Africa, and
has filed patent applications in certain foreign countries, for certain products, including Hextend and
PentaLyte. BioTimes royalty rate for sales of Hextend by Horus depends upon whether Hextend is
covered by certain patents in the country where it is sold or in the country where it is manufactured,
with a higher royalty rate applicable when there is patent protection in the country where the product
is sold. No assurance can be given that any additional patents will be issued to the Company, or that
the Companys patents will provide meaningful protection against the development of competing
products. There also is no assurance that competitors will not successfully challenge the validity or
enforceability of any patent issued to the Company. The costs required to uphold the validity and
prevent infringement of any patent issued to the Company could be substantial, and the Company
might not have the resources available to defend its patent rights.
Prices and Sales of Products May be Limited by Health Insurance Coverage and Government
Regulation
Success in selling BioTimes products may depend in part on the extent to which health insurance
companies, HMOs, and government health administration authorities such as Medicare and Medicaid
will pay for the cost of the products and related treatment. Health insurance reimbursements and
HMO coverage now include the cost of Hextend used in surgical procedures. However, there can be
no assurance that such reimbursements will continue. In some foreign countries, pricing or
profitability of health care products is subject to government control. In the United States, there have
been a number of federal and state proposals to implement similar government controls, and new
proposals are likely to be made in the future.
22
Dependence Upon Key Personnel
The Company depends to a considerable degree on the continued services of its executive
officers. Although the Company maintains key man life insurance in the amount of $1,000,000 on
the life of Dr. Paul Segall, the Companys Chief Executive Officer, the loss of the services of any of
the executive officers could have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, the success
of the Company will depend, among other factors, upon successful recruitment and retention of
additional highly skilled and experienced management and technical personnel.
BioTime Does Not Pay Cash Dividends
BioTime does not pay cash dividends on its Common Shares. For the foreseeable future it is
anticipated that any earnings generated from the Companys business will be used to finance the
growth of the Company and will not be paid out as dividends to BioTime shareholders.
The Price of BioTime Stock May Rise and Fall Rapidly
BioTime Common Shares are traded on the American Stock Exchange. The market price of the
Common Shares, like that of the common stock of many biotechnology companies, has been highly
volatile. The price of
BioTime shares may rise rapidly in response to certain events, such as the
commencement of clinical trials of an experimental new drug, even though the
outcome of those trials and the likelihood of ultimate FDA approval remains
uncertain. Similarly, prices of BioTime shares may fall rapidly in response to
certain events such as unfavorable results of clinical trials or a delay or
failure to obtain FDA approval. The failure of the Companys earnings to
meet analysts expectations could result in a significant rapid decline in
the market price of the Companys shares. In addition, the stock market has
experienced and continues to experience extreme price and volume fluctuations
which have affected the market price of the equity securities of many
biotechnology companies and which have often been unrelated to the operating
performance of these companies. Such broad market fluctuations, as well as
general economic and political conditions, may adversely affect the market price
of BioTime Common Shares.
23
Item 2. Facilities.
The
Company occupies its office and laboratory facility in Berkeley, California
under a lease that will expire on March 31, 2004. The Company presently occupies
approximately 8,890 square feet of space and pays rent in the amount of $10,400
per month. The rent will increase annually by the greater of 3% and the increase
in the local consumer price index, subject to a maximum annual increase of 7%.
The Company also pays all charges for utilities and garbage collection.
The
Company has an option to extend the term of the lease for a period of three
years, and to terminate the lease early upon six months notice.
The
Company uses, on a fee per use basis, facilities for surgical research on
animals at an unaffiliated privately run research center located in Winters,
California. Contracting for the use of research facilities has enabled the
Company to initiate its research projects without the substantial capital cost,
overhead costs and delay associated with the acquisition and maintenance of a
modern animal surgical research facility.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
The
Company is not presently involved in any material litigation or proceedings, and
to the Companys knowledge no such litigation or proceedings are
contemplated.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
24
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
The
Companys Common Shares have been trading on the American Stock Exchange
since August 31, 1999, and traded on the Nasdaq National Market from April 28,
1998 to August 30,1999, and on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market from March 5, 1992
through April 27, 1998. The closing price of the Companys Common Shares on
the AMEX on March 26, 2001 was $7.25.
The
following table sets forth the range of high and low bid prices for the Common
Shares for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1998, the fiscal year (six months)
ended December 31, 1998, and the fiscal years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000,
based on transaction data as reported by Nasdaq and AMEX. All prices have been
rounded to the nearest cent and have been adjusted to give effect to the
Companys payment of a stock dividend during October 1997 to effect a
three-for-one stock split.
|
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.
Overview
Since its inception in November 1990, the Company has been engaged primarily in research
and development activities. The Companys operating revenues have been generated primarily from
licensing fees, including $2,500,000 received from Abbott for the right to manufacture and market
Hextend in the United States and Canada. BioTime recently entered into a license agreement with
Horus under which BioTime expects to receive up to $9,500,000 of license fees for the right to
manufacture and market Hextend overseas. Only one of the Companys products is presently on the
market, and since the Company received FDA approval to market Hextend it has received $92,883
of royalties on sales. As a result of the developmental nature of its business and the limited sales
of its product, since the Companys inception in November 1990 it has incurred $27,111,413 of
losses. The Companys ability to generate substantial operating revenue depends upon its success
in developing and marketing or licensing its plasma volume expanders and organ preservation
solutions and technology for medical use.
Most of the Companys research and development efforts have been devoted to the
development of the Companys first three blood volume replacement products: Hextend, PentaLyte,
and HetaCool. By testing and bringing all three products to the market, BioTime can increase its
market share by providing the medical community with solutions to match patients needs.
The Companys first product, Hextend®, is a physiologically balanced blood plasma volume
expander, for the treatment of hypovolemia. Hextend is being sold in the United States by Abbott
Laboratories under an exclusive license from the Company. Abbott also has the right to sell Hextend
in Canada, where an application for marketing approval is pending. The Company has granted
Horus an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Hextend in all other parts of the world except
Japan. Sales of Hextend by Horus are expected to begin after regulatory approval to market Hextend
is obtained in the various countries under its license. Abbott and Horus also have a right to obtain
licenses to manufacture and sell other BioTime products. See Licensing for more information
about the licenses granted to Abbott and Horus.
Under its License Agreement with the Company, Abbott will report sales of Hextend and pay
the Company the royalties and license fees due on account of such sales within 90 days after the end
of each calendar quarter. The Company recognizes such revenues in the quarter in which the sales
report is received, rather than the quarter in which the sales took place, as the Company does not
have sufficient sales history to accurately predict quarterly sales. Revenues for the year ended
December 31, 2000 include royalties on sales made by Abbott during the period beginning October
1, 1999 and ending September 30, 2000. Royalties on sales recognized as revenue during that
twelve month period were $52,492. Royalties on sales made during the three months ending
December 31, 2000 were $32,695 but will not be recognized by the Company for financial
accounting purposes until
the first quarter of fiscal year 2001. Hextend sales are still in the ramp-up
phase, as illustrated by the following graph.
27
The following graph illustrates quarterly amounts derived from the quarterly sales reports
provided to BioTime by Abbott with its royalty payments. Royalties on sales that occurred during
the fourth quarter of 1999 through the third quarter of 2000 are reflected in the Companys financial
statements for the year ended December 31, 2000, while royalties on sales that occurred during the
fourth quarter of 2000 will be reflected in the Companys financial statements for the first quarter
of 2001.
|
As shown above, quarterly sales of Hextend have increased approximately 600% from the
last quarter in 1999, when the product was formally launched, through the last quarter of 2000. Sales
during the fourth quarter of 2000 may reflect the purchasing practices of certain wholesale
distributors who increase
their purchases of inventory during the last month of the year. BioTime
attributes these percentage gains in quarterly sales to Abbotts escalating
marketing efforts and the accelerating demand for Hextend by physicians and
hospitals due to its outstanding performance in many hundreds of operating rooms
around the country.
28
Because Hextend is a surgical product, sales will be determined by anesthesiologists,
surgeons practicing a variety of specialties, and hospital pharmacists. Abbotts marketing strategy
is designed to reach this target customer base through sales calls and an advertising campaign
focused on the physiological basis of using a plasma-like substance to replace lost blood volume and
the ability of Hextend to support vital physiological processes.
As part of the marketing program, Abbott and the Company have financed a number of
studies showing the advantages of receiving Hextend and other BioTime products during surgery.
As these studies are completed, the results will be presented at medical conferences and articles will
be written for publication in medical journals. The Company is also aware of independent studies
using Hextend that are being conducted by physicians and hospitals, who may publish their findings
in medical journals. Horus is expected to conduct marketing studies as well after it obtains
regulatory approval and begins to market Hextend. As these studies are completed, the results will
be presented at medical conferences and articles will be written for publication in medical journals.
The outcome of the planned medical studies and timing of the publication of the results could have
an effect on the growth of demand for and sales of Hextend.
Abbott is also working with hospitals to have Hextend approved for use and added to hospital
formularies, and has obtained formulary committee approval in hundreds of hospitals. Inclusion on
hospital formularies is important because it enables physicians to obtain Hextend without the need
to special order it. Obtaining formulary approval can be a lengthy process and requires diligent
efforts by the sales force who not only provide Hextend to the hospital but also can provide the
formulary committee with necessary information showing that the product is safe and effective. To
facilitate product acceptance, substantial quantities of Hextend were introduced into hospitals at no
charge. While this may have caused a delay in revenues from product sales, it was effective in
obtaining market penetration. The Company expects Hextend sales to continue to grow as Abbott
continues its marketing efforts, as the number of hospital formularies that have approved Hextend
increases, and as surgeons and anaesthesiologists become more familiar with the benefits that can
be attained for their patients by using Hextend in operating rooms around the world.
Abbott has concentrated on establishing Hextend as the standard plasma volume expander
at prominent teaching hospitals and leading medical centers, such as Duke University Medical
Center in Durham, North Carolina and Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York, New
York, which have switched to Hextend from 6% hetastarch in saline. BioTime feels that as Hextend
use proliferates withing the leading US hospitals, other smaller hospitals will follow their lead and
accelerate sales growth.
The Company has completed a Phase I clinical trial of PentaLyte and has submitted the test
data to the FDA, along with a proposed clinical trial protocol. BioTime plans to test PentaLyte for
the treatment of hypovolemia in surgery.
29
The Company is also continuing to develop solutions for low temperature surgery. Once a
sufficient amount of data from successful low temperature surgery has been compiled, the Company
plans to seek permission to use Hextend as a complete replacement for blood under near-freezing
conditions. BioTime currently plans to market Hextend for complete blood volume replacement at
very low temperatures under the registered trade mark HetaCool® after FDA approval is obtained.
Abbott and Orus each have an option to obtain a license to market PentaLyte and HetaCool
in their respective territories, and BioTime would receive additional license fees if those options are
exercised, in addition to royalties on subsequent sales of those products.
In order to commence clinical trials for regulatory approval of new products or new
therapeutic uses of products, it will be necessary for the Company to prepare and file with the FDA
an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) or an amendment to expand a previous filing.
Filings with foreign regulatory agencies will be required to commence clinical trials overseas. The
Companys application to market Hextend in Canada has been found acceptable for review as a New
Drug Submission by the Canadian Health Protection Branch (HPB), and the Company is currently
awaiting completion of HPBs review of that application. During the third quarter of 2000, the
Company filed its first application for approval in a European Union member nation, Sweden.
Regulatory approvals for other countries that are members of the European Union may be obtained
through a mutual recognition process. If approvals can be obtained in the requisite number of
member nations, then the Company would be permitted to market Hextend in all 16 member nations.
Under its License Agreement with BioTime, Horus will seek regulatory approval in other European
Union nations as well as in other non-European Union countries.
In addition to developing clinical trial programs, the Company plans to continue to provide
funding for its laboratory testing programs at selected universities, medical schools and hospitals for
the purpose of developing additional uses of Hextend, PentaLyte, HetaCool, and other new products,
but the amount of research that will be conducted at those institutions will depend upon the
Companys financial status. Because the Companys research and development expenses, clinical
trial expenses, and production and marketing expenses will be charged against earnings for financial
reporting purposes, management expects that there may be losses from operations from time to time
during the near future.
Change of Fiscal Year
In November 1998, the Board of Directors approved a change to the Companys operating
fiscal year from a fiscal year ending June 30 to a fiscal year ending December 31, beginning January
1, 1999. See Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements. Accordingly, the accompanying financial
statements are for the twelve months ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 (Fiscal 2000 and Fiscal
1999 respectively), the six months ended December 31, 1998, and the twelve months ended June
30, 1998 (Fiscal 1998).
30
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2000 and Year Ended December 31, 1999
For the year ended December 31, 2000, the Company recognized $52,492 of royalty revenues.
Under its License Agreement with the Company, Abbott will report sales of Hextend and pay the
Company the royalties and license fees due on account of such sales within 90 days after the end of
each calendar quarter. The Company will recognize such revenues in the quarter in which the sales
report is received, rather than the quarter in which the sales took place, as the Company does not
have sufficient sales history to accurately predict quarterly sales. Royalties on sales made during
the fourth quarter of 2000 will not be recognized by the Company until the first quarter of fiscal year
2001.
During Fiscal 1999 the Company recognized $1,037,500 of license fees that were received
from Abbott during prior years. No license fee revenue was received in Fiscal 2000.
For the year ended December 31, 2000, interest and other income decreased to $165,256
from $279,827 for the year ended December 31, 1999. The decrease is attributable to a decrease in
cash and cash equivalents for the year ended December 31, 2000.
Research and development expenses decreased to $3,362,841 for the year ended December
31, 2000, from $4,900,521 for the year ended December 31, 1999. The decrease is attributable to a
decrease in clinical trials and laboratory study expenses, and completion of the European clinical
trial. Research and development expenses include laboratory study expenses, European clinical trial
expenses, salaries, preparation of additional regulatory applications in the United States and Europe,
manufacturing of solution for trials, and consultants fees. It is expected that research and
development expenses will increase as the Company commences new clinical studies of its products
in the United States and Europe.
General and administrative expenses decreased to $1,779,931 for the year ended December
31, 2000, from $1,896,690 for the year ended December 31, 1999. This decrease is attributable to
a decrease in the general operations of the Company.
31
Years Ended December 31, 1999 and Six Month Period Ended December 31, 1998
During Fiscal 1997, the Company received $1,400,000 for signing the Abbott License
Agreement and achieving a license fee milestone pertaining to the allowance of certain patent claims
pending. During Fiscal 1998, the Company received an additional milestone fee of $250,000 for
filing its NDA for Hextend. The Company deferred recognition of a portion of the license fee
payment received for signing of the License Agreement ($1,000,000). The Company recognized
$62,500 of license fee revenue during Fiscal 1997, $1,150,000 during Fiscal 1998, $250,000 of
license fee revenue during the six month period ended December 31, 1998 and $1,037,500 during
Fiscal 1999.
Interest and other income increased to $279,827 for Fiscal 1999 from $89,513 for the six
month period ended December 31, 1998. The increase in interest and other income is attributable
to the increase in cash and cash equivalents from the Companys sale of Common Shares through
a subscription rights offering that was completed during February 1997.
Research and development expenses increased to $4,900,521 for Fiscal 1999, from
$1,723,860 for the six month period ended December 31, 1998. The increase in research and
development expenses is attributable to the cost of preparing and filing an NDA for Hextend, and
preparing for future regulatory filings in Europe and Canada.
General and administrative expenses increased to $1,896,690 for Fiscal 1999, from $710,131
for the six month period ended December 31, 1998. This increase is attributable to an increase in
the general operations of the Company, an increase in personnel, and bonus awards.
Taxes
At December 31, 2000 the Company had a cumulative net operating loss carryforward of
approximately $32,500,000 for federal income tax purposes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, the Company has primarily financed its operations through the sale of equity
securities and licensing fees, and at December 31, 2000 the Company had cash and cash equivalents
of approximately $1,318,000. The Company expects to receive a $4,000,000 license fee from Horus
when Horus confirms certain manufacturing and hydroxyethyl starch supply arrangements needed
to manufacture Hextend. Horus is working to put those arrangements in place, but there can be no
assurance that those arrangements will be completed. In the meantime, BioTime may borrow up
to $1,000,000 for working capital purposes under its Credit Agreement with Alfred D. Kingsley, an
investor and consultant to the Company.
32
Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at 10% per annum and will
be due in one year or when BioTime receives at least $2,000,000 through the sale of capital stock,
loans from other lenders, fees under licensing agreements, or any combination of those sources.
Mandatory prepayments of principal will be due to the extent that the Company receives funds from
any one or more of those sources in excess of $1,000,000 but less than $2,000,000, and the amount
of any such mandatory prepayments of principal will reduce the maximum amount available under
the Credit Agreement and will not be available for future borrowings. The Company will have the
right to make voluntary prepayments of principal, that would otherwise not be due, without penalty
or premium but with accrued interest, at any time, and any amounts voluntary prepaid will be
available for future borrowings, so long as the Company is not in default under the Credit Agreement
and the outstanding principal balance loaned under the Credit does not exceed $1,000,000.
Following receipt of the initial $4,000,000 license fee payment from Horus, BioTime will
repay any loans under the Credit Agreement. BioTime will be entitled to receive $5,500,000 in
additional license fees from Horus upon the attainment of certain milestones pertaining to the
commencement of sales in the European Union and the issuance of certain European patents. The
date on which those license fees will be earned cannot be determined, but none is payable earlier
than February 13, 2002. In addition, BioTime may receive licensing fees for PentaLyte and
HetaCool if Horus exercises its right obtain licenses to manufacture and market those products.
Horus may exercise its right to obtain a license for PentaLyte or HetaCool within 30 days after
BioTime makes its first regulatory filing for the product in a European Union country.
Although BioTime believes that its cash on hand and funds available under the Credit
Agreement will be sufficient to allow it to continue its operations on a limited scale for 12 months,
it will need additional funds, including the license fees receivable from Horus, to begin clinical trials
of PentaLyte and to conduct its other product development and research programs. Accordingly,
additional funds are required for the successful completion of the Companys product development
activities. The Company will continue to seek licensing fees from pharmaceutical companies for
licenses to manufacture and market the Companys products in Japan, but it is likely that additional
sales of equity or debt securities will be required to meet the Companys short-term capital needs.
Sales of additional equity securities could result in the dilution of the interests of present
shareholders.
The amount of license fees and royalties that may be earned through the licensing and sale
of the Companys products and technology, as well as the future availability and terms of equity and
debt financings, is uncertain. The unavailability or inadequacy of financing or revenues to meet
future capital needs could force the Company to modify, curtail, delay or suspend some or all aspects
of its planned operations.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
The Company did not hold any market risk sensitive instruments as of December 31, 2000,
December 31, 1999, December 31, 1998 or June 30, 1998.
33
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
Pages
-----
Independent Auditors' Report 35
Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999 36
Statements of Operations For the Year Ended
December 31, 2000, the Year Ended December 31, 1999,
the Six Months Ended December 31, 1998, the Year Ended
June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 37
Statements of Shareholders' Equity For the Year Ended
December 31, 2000, the Year Ended December 31, 1999,
the Six Months Ended December 31, 1998, the Year Ended
June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 38-40
Statements of Cash Flows For the Year Ended
December 31, 2000, the Year Ended December 31, 1999,
the Six Months Ended December 31, 1998, the Year Ended
June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 41-42
Notes to Financial Statements 43-54
34
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
BioTime, Inc.:
We have audited the
accompanying balance sheets of BioTime, Inc. (a development stage company) as of
December 31, 2000 and 1999, and the related statements of
operations, shareholders equity and cash flows for the years ended December
31, 2000 and 1999, the six months ended December 31, 1998, the year ended June 30, 1998,
and the period from November 30, 1990 (inception) to December 31, 2000. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits.
We conducted our audits in
accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of BioTime, Inc. as of December 31, 2000 and 1999, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31,
2000, and 1999, the six months ended December 31, 1998,
the year ended June 30, 1998 and the period from November 30, 1990 (inception)
to December 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The Company is in the
development stage as of December 31, 2000. As discussed in Note 1 to the
financial statements, successful completion of the Companys product
development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is
dependent upon future events, including maintaining adequate financing to
fulfill its development activities, obtaining regulatory approval for products
ultimately developed, and achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the
Companys cost structure.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Francisco, California
February 16, 2001
(March 27, 2001 as to the third paragraph of Note 9)
35
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
|
ASSETS
December 31, December 31,
2000 1999
----------------- ----------------
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,318,338 $ 5,292,806
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 122,648 107,285
----------------- ----------------
Total current assets 1,440,986 5,400,091
----------------- ----------------
EQUIPMENT, Net of accumulated depreciation of $352,104 and $276,647 226,598 268,653
DEPOSITS AND OTHER ASSETS 9,900 9,900
----------------- ----------------
TOTAL ASSETS $ 1,677,484 $ 5,678,644
================= ================
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 359,749 $ 595,512
COMMITMENTS (Note 6)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred Shares, no par value, undesignated as to Series,
authorized 1,000,000 shares; none outstanding in 2000 and 1999 (Note 4)
Common Shares, no par value, authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued and
outstanding shares; 11,426,604 in 2000 and 10,891,031 in 1999 (Note 4) 28,360,007 27,200,380
Contributed Capital 93,972 93,972
Deficit accumulated during development stage (27,136,244) (22,211,220)
----------------- ----------------
Total shareholders' equity 1,317,735 5,083,132
----------------- ----------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 1,677,484 $ 5,678,644
================= ================
See notes to financial statements.
36
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
Six Months
Year Ended Ended Year Ended Period from Inception
December 31, December 31, June 30, (November 30, 1990) to
2000 1999 1998 1998 December 31, 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------------------
REVENUE:
License fee $ - $ 1,037,500 $ 250,000 $ 1,150,000 $ 2,500,000
Royalty from product sales 52,492 - - - 52,492
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------
Total revenue 52,492 - - - 2, 552,492
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------
EXPENSES:
Research and development (3,362,841) (4,900,521) (1,723,860) (3,048,775) (19,945,350)
General and administrative (1,779,931) (1,896,690) (710,131) (1,849,312) (11,466,385)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------
Total expenses (5,142,772) (6,797,211) (2,433,991) (4,898,087) (31,411,735)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------
INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME: 165,256 279,827 89,513 294,741 1,747,830
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------
NET LOSS $(4,925,024) $(5,479,884) $(2,094,478) $(3,453,346) $ (27,111,413)
============ ============ ============ ============ ==============
BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE $ (0.44) $ (0.51) $ (0.21) $ (0.35)
============ ============ ============ ============
COMMON AND EQUIVALENT SHARES
USED IN COMPUTING PER SHARE
AMOUNTS:
BASIC AND DILUTED 11,042,087 10,688,100 10,008,468 9,833,156
============ =========== ============ ============
See notes to financial statements.
37
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
|
Series A Convertible
Preferred Shares Common Shares
--------------------- ---------------------- Deficit Accumulated
Number of Number Contributed During Development
Shares Amount of Shares Amount Capital Stage
--------- --------- --------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
BALANCE, November 30, 1990
(date of inception) -- -- -- -- -- --
NOVEMBER 1990:
Common shares issued for cash 1,312,758 $ 263
DECEMBER 1990:
Common shares issued for
stock of a separate entity at fair value 1,050,210 137,400
Contributed equipment at appraised
value $ 16,425
Contributed cash 77,547
MAY 1991:
Common shares issued for cash
less offering costs 101,175 54,463
Common shares issued for stock
of a separate entity at fair value 100,020 60,000
JULY 1991:
Common shares issued for
services performed 30,000 18,000
AUGUST-DECEMBER 1991:
Preferred shares issued for
cash less offering costs of $125,700 360,000 $474,300
MARCH 1992:
Common shares issued for
cash less offering costs of $1,015,873 2,173,500 4,780,127
Preferred shares converted
into common shares (360,000) (474,300) 360,000 474,300
Dividends declared and paid
on preferred shares $(24,831)
MARCH 1994:
Common shares issued for cash less
offering costs of $865,826 2,805,600 3,927,074
JANUARY-JUNE 1995:
Common shares repurchased
with cash (253,800) (190,029)
JULY 1995-JUNE 1996:
Common shares issued for cash 608,697 1,229,670
Common shares repurchased with cash (18,600) (12,693)
Common shares warrants and options
granted for services 356,000
NET LOSS (8,064,471)
--------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------- ------------------
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 1996 -- $ -- 8,269,560 $10,834,575 $ 93,972 $ (8,089,302)
See notes to financial statements. (Continued)
38
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
|
Series A Convertible
(Continued) Preferred Shares Common Shares
--------------------- ---------------------- Deficit Accumulated
Number of Number Contributed During Development
Shares Amount of Shares Amount Capital Stage
--------- --------- --------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
JULY 1996 - JUNE 1997:
Common shares issued for cash less
offering costs of $170,597 849,327 5,491,583
Common shares issued for cash
(exercise of options and warrants) 490,689 1,194,488
Common shares warrants and options
granted for service 105,000
JULY 1997 - JUNE 1998:
Common shares issued for cash
(exercise of options) 337,500 887,690
Common shares warrants and options
granted for service 38,050
Common shares issued for services 500 6,250
JULY 1998 - DECEMBER 1998:
Common shares issued for cash
(exercise of options and warrants) 84,000 395,730
Common shares options granted for services 50,000
Common shares issued for
services 1,500 18,750
NET LOSS (8,642,034)
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1998 -- -- 10,033,076 19,022,116 93,972 (16,731,336)
Common shares issued for cash (less offering
costs of $128,024) 751,654 7,200,602
Common shares issued for cash and
exchange for 2,491 common shares whicH
were canceled (exercise of options) 65,509 199,810
Common shares issued for services 792 9,900
Common shares warrant donated 552,000
Common shares issued for cash (exercise of
warrant) 40,000 20,000
Options granted for services 195,952
NET LOSS (5,479,884)
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1999 -- -- 10,891,031 27,200,380 93,972 (22,211,220)
See notes to financial statements. (Continued)
39
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
|
Series A Convertible
(Continued) Preferred Shares Common Shares
--------------------- ---------------------- Deficit Accumulated
Number of Number Contributed During Development
Shares Amount of Shares Amount Capital Stage
--------- --------- --------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
Common Shares issued for services 17,661 131,525
Exercise of Options 51,000 51,000
Exercise of Warrants (less issuance cost of
$36,176) 466,912 864,964
Options granted for services 112,138
NET LOSS (4,925,024)
--------- --------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2000 -- $ -- 11,426,604 $28,360,007 $ 93,972 $ (27,136,244)
========= ========= ========== =========== ========== ===================
See notes to financial statements. (Concluded)
40
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
Six Months
Year Ended Ended Year Ended Period from Inception
December 31, December 31, June 30, (November 30, 1990) to
2000 1999 1998 1998 December 31, 2000
------------ ------------ -------------- ------------- ----------------------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss $ (4,925,024) $ (5,479,884) $ (2,094,478) $(3,453,346) $ (27,111,413)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Deferred revenue (187,500) (250,000) (500,000) (1,000,000)
Depreciation 75,458 59,540 28,582 49,284 352,105
Cost of Donation - warrants 552,000 552,000
Cost of services - shares, options and warrants 243,663 220,574 78,750 44,300 1,041,565
Supply reserves 100,000 200,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Research and development supplies on hand (200,000)
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets (15,364) 31,260 87,367 13,197 (122,649)
Deposits and other assets 50,800 34,000 (65,000) (9,900)
Accounts payable (235,763) 358,309 47,673() 59,638 359,749
Accrued compensation (175,000) --
Deferred revenue (400,000) 1,000,000
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
Net cash used in operating activities (4,857,030) (4,394,901) (2,068,106) (4,446,203) (24,938,543)
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Sale of investments 197,400
Purchase of short-term investments (9,946,203)
Redemption of short-term investments 9,946,203
Purchase of equipment and furniture (33,402) (161,719) (4,391) (147,340) (562,277)
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
Net cash used in investing activities (33,402) (161,719) (4,391) (147,340) (364,877)
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of preferred shares for cash 600,000
Preferred shares placement costs (125,700)
Issuance of common shares for cash 7,328,626 23,701,732
Common shares placement costs (36,177) (128,024) (2,216,497)
Net proceeds from exercise of common share
options and warrants 952,141 219,810 395,730 887,690 4,812,229
Contributed capital - cash 77,547
Dividends paid on preferred shares (24,831)
Repurchase of common shares (202,722)
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 915,964 7,420,412 395,730 887,690 26,621,758
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS (3,974,466) 2,863,792 (1,676,767) (3,705,853) 1,318,338
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
At beginning of period 5,292,806 2,429,014 4,105,781 7,811,634 --
-------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- ----------------
At end of period $ 1,318,338 $ 5,292,806 $ 2,429,014 $ 4,105,781 $ 1,318,338
============== ============= ============== ============= ================
See notes to financial statements. (Continued)
41
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
Six Months
Year Ended Ended Year Ended Period from Inception
December 31, December 31, June 30, (November 30, 1990) to
2000 1999 1998 1998 December 31, 2000
------------ ------------ -------------- ------------- ----------------------
NONCASH FINANCING AND
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Receipt of contributed equipment $ 16,425
Issuance of common shares
in exchange for shares of
common stock of Cryomedical
Sciences, Inc. in a stock-for-stock
transaction $ 197,400
Granting of options and warrants for
services $ 112,138 $ 195,952 $ 50,000 $ 38,050 $ 875,140
Issuance of common shares in exchange for
services $ 131,525 $ 9,900 $ 18,750 $ 6,250 $ 166,425
See notes to financial statements. (Concluded)
42
BIOTIME, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. GENERAL AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE
General
BioTime, Inc. (the Company) was organized November 30, 1990 as a California
corporation. The Company is a biomedical organization, currently in the
development stage, which is engaged in the research and development of synthetic
plasma expanders, blood volume substitute solutions, and organ preservation
solutions, for use in surgery, trauma care, organ transplant procedures, and
other areas of medicine.
Certain
Significant Risks and Uncertainties The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Such management estimates include certain accruals.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The
Companys operations are subject to a number of factors that can affect its
operating results and financial condition. Such factors include but are not
limited to the following: the results of clinical trials of the Companys
products; the Companys ability to obtain United States Food and Drug
Administration and foreign regulatory approval to market its products;
competition from products manufactured and sold or being developed by other
companies; the price of and demand for Company products; the Companys
ability to obtain additional financing and the terms of any such financing that
may be obtained; the Companys ability to negotiate favorable licensing or
other manufacturing and marketing agreements for its products; the availability
of ingredients used in the Companys products; and the availability of
reimbursement for the cost of the Companys products (and related
treatment) from government health administration authorities, private health
coverage insurers and other organizations.
Development
Stage Enterprise Since inception, the Company has been engaged in research and
development activities in connection with the development of synthetic plasma
expanders, blood volume substitute solutions and organ preservation products.
The Company has limited operating revenues and has incurred operating losses of
$27,111,413 from inception to December 31, 2000. The successful completion of
the Companys product development program and, ultimately, achieving
profitable operations is dependent upon future events including obtaining
adequate capital to finance its future development activities, obtaining
regulatory approvals for the products it develops and achieving a level of
revenues adequate to support the Companys cost structure.
43
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Change
in fiscal year On November 12, 1998, the Board of Directors of BioTime
determined that it would be in the best interests of the Company and its
shareholders to change the Companys fiscal year from one ending on June 30
to one ending on December 31 and, accordingly, the Company adopted a December 31
or calendar year-end beginning on January 1, 1999. Accordingly, the accompanying
statements of operations, shareholders equity and cash flows include the
transition fiscal period for the six months from July 1, 1998 to December 31,
1998.
Equipment
is stated at cost or, in the case of donated equipment, at fair market value.
Equipment is being depreciated using the straight-line method over a period of
thirty-six to eighty-four months.
Patent
costs associated with obtaining patents on products being developed are expensed
as research and development expenses when incurred. These costs totaled $215,424
and $160,221 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively,
$47,781 for the six month period ended December 31, 1998, and $81,303 for the
year ended June 30, 1998, and cumulatively, $876,708 for the period from
inception (November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000.
Revenue
recognition Initial license fees are recognized ratably over the development
period or regulatory approval period, as appropriate, of the product. Milestone
payments are recognized as revenue when milestones have been achieved. Royalty
and license fees related to sales of a certain blood plasma volume expander
product are generally recognized in the quarter subsequent to the quarter in
which the related sales occur and upon receipt of a sales report from the
third-party manufacturer/distributor of the product (see note 3).
Research
and development costs are expensed when incurred and consist principally of
salaries, payroll taxes, research and laboratory fees, hospital and consultant
fees related to the clinical trials, and the Companys PentaLyte solution
for use in human clinical trials.
Stock-based
compensation The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees using
the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.
Stock
split In October 1997, the Company effected a three-for-one split of its
common shares. All share and per share amounts have been restated to reflect the
stock split for all periods presented.
Net
loss per share Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes dilution and is
computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects
the potential dilution from securities and other contracts which are exercisable
or convertible into common shares. Diluted earnings (loss) per
44
share
for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, the six months ended December 31,
1998 and the year ended June 30, 1998 exclude any effect from such securities as
their inclusion would be antidilutive. As a result, there is no difference
between basic and diluted calculations of loss per share for all periods
presented.
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes the changes in net assets
during the period from nonowner sources reported by major components and as a
single total. Comprehensive income (loss) was the same as net loss for all
periods presented. The Companys comprehensive income (loss) was the same
as net loss.
Segment
information The Company operates in the single segment of producing aqueous
based synthetic solutions used in medical applications and is currently in the
development stage of this segment.
Recently
issued accounting standards In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued Statement of Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, (SFAS 133) which
establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and
for hedging activities. SFAS 133 requires that entities recognize all
derivatives as either assets or liabilities and measure those instruments at
fair value. The Company is currently assessing the effect that adoption of this
statement will have. However, based on progress to date, the Company does not
expect adoption to have a material impact on the Companys financial
position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is currently required
to adopt SFAS 133 in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31,
2001.
In
December 1999 the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) released Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 101 Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements which summarizes certain of the staffs views in applying
generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial
statements. In addition, on October 13, 2000, the SEC issued a Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQ) document which clarified and elaborated on the SEC
Staffs views regarding revenue recognition. The Company adopted this
statement in the fourth quarter of its year ending December 31, 2000. There was
no material impact as a result of adopting the guidelines of this standard.
In
March 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation No.
44, Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation (FIN 44),
that clarifies guidance for certain issues related to the application of APB
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to employees (APB 25). Management
does not believe that FIN 44 will have a material impact on accounting for
future instruments.
3. LICENSE AGREEMENT
In
April 1997, BioTime and Abbott Laboratories (Abbott) entered into an
Exclusive License Agreement (the License Agreement) under which
BioTime granted to Abbott an exclusive
license
to manufacture and sell BioTimes proprietary blood plasma volume expander
solution Hextend in the United States and Canada for certain therapeutic uses.
45
Under
the License Agreement, Abbott has paid the Company $2,500,000 of license fees
based upon achievement of specified milestones. Up to $37,500,000 of additional
license fees will be payable based upon annual net sales of Hextend at the rate
of 10% of annual net sales if annual net sales exceed $30,000,000 or 5% if
annual net sales are between $15,000,000 and $30,000,000. Abbotts
obligation to pay license fees on sales of Hextend will expire on the earlier of
January 1, 2007 or, on a country by country basis, when all patents protecting
Hextend in the applicable country expire or any third party obtains certain
regulatory approvals to market a generic equivalent product in that country.
In
addition to the license fees, Abbott pays the Company a royalty on annual
net sales of Hextend. The royalty rate will be 5% plus an additional .22% for
each increment of $1,000,000 of annual net sales, up to a maximum royalty rate
of 36%. Abbotts obligation to pay royalties on sales of Hextend will
expire in the United States or Canada when all patents protecting Hextend in the
applicable country expire and any third party obtains certain regulatory
approvals to market a generic equivalent product in that country.
The
Company recognizes such revenues in the quarter in which the sales report is
received, rather than the quarter in which the sales took place, as the Company
does not have sufficient sales history to accurately predict quarterly sales.
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2000 include royalties on sales made by
Abbott during three months ended December 31, 1999 and the nine months ended
September 30, 2000. Royalties on sales made during the fourth quarter of 2000
will not be recognized by the Company until the first quarter of fiscal year
2001.
Abbott
has agreed that the Company may convert Abbotts exclusive license to a
non-exclusive license or may terminate the license outright if certain minimum
sales and royalty payments are not met. In order to terminate the license
outright, BioTime would pay a termination fee in an amount ranging from the
milestone payments made by Abbott to an amount equal to three times prior year
net sales, depending upon when termination occurs. Management believes that the
probability of payment of any termination fee by the Company is remote.
4. SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
During
June 1994, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to
200,000 of the Companys common shares at market price at the time of
purchase. A total of 90,800 shares have been repurchased and retired. No shares
have been repurchased since August 28, 1995.
During
September 1995, the Company entered into an agreement for financial advisory
services with Greenbelt Corp., a corporation controlled by Alfred D. Kingsley
and Gary K. Duberstein, who are also shareholders of the Company. Under this
agreement the Company issued to the financial advisor warrants to purchase
311,276 Common Shares at a price of $1.93 per share,
and
the Company agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase up to an additional
622,549 Common Shares at a price equal to the greater of (a) 150% of the average
market price of the Common Shares during the three months prior to issuance and
(b) $2 per share. The additional
46
warrants were issued in equal quarterly
installments over a two year period, beginning October 15, 1995. The exercise
price and number of Common Shares for which the warrants may be exercised are
subject to adjustment to prevent dilution in the event of a stock split,
combination, stock dividend, reclassification of shares, sale of assets, merger
or similar transaction. As of December 31, 2000, 466,912 warrants have been
exercised at $1.93 per share and 466,908 warrants remain outstanding at prices
ranging from $2.35 - $15.74 and expire through July 15, 2002.
Under
the agreement, the Company has filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to
register 622,548 warrants and underlying Common Shares for sale under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Act). The Company has the
obligation to file, at Greenbelts request, one or more additional
registration statements to cover the 311,272 warrants and Common Shares not
covered by the first registration statement. The Company will bear the expenses
of registration, other than any underwriting discounts that may be incurred by
Greenbelt Corp. in connection with a sale of the warrants or common shares. The
Company shall not be obligated to file more than two such registration
statements, other than registration statements on Form S-3. Greenbelt Corp. also
is entitled to include warrants and common shares in any registration statement
filed by the Company to register other securities for sale under the Act.
During
September 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with an individual to act
as an advisor to the Company. In exchange for services, as defined, to be
rendered by the advisor through September 1999, the Company issued warrants,
with five year terms, to purchase 124,510 common shares at a price of $6.02 per
share. The exercise price and number of common shares for which the warrants may
be exercised are subject to adjustment to prevent dilution in the event of a
stock split, combination, stock dividend, reclassification of shares, sale of
assets, merger or similar transaction. Warrants for 77,775 common shares vested
and became exercisable and transferable when issued; warrants for the remaining
46,735 common shares vested ratably through September 1997 and became
exercisable and transferable as vesting occurred. The estimated value of the
services performed was $60,000 and that amount has been capitalized and
amortized over the three year term of the agreement.
On
February 5, 1997, the Company completed a subscription rights offering raising
$5,662,180, through the sale of 849,327 common shares.
During
April 1998, the Company entered into a new financial advisory services agreement
with Greenbelt. The new agreement provides for an initial payment of $90,000
followed by an advisory fee of $15,000 per month that will be paid quarterly.
The Company agreed to reimburse Greenbelt for all reasonable out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in connection with its engagement as financial advisor, and to
indemnify Greenbelt and its officers, affiliates, employees, agents, assignees,
and controlling person from any liabilities arising out of or in connection with
actions taken on BioTimes behalf under the agreement. The agreement has
been
renewed for a period of twelve months ending March 31, 2001, but instead of cash
compensation Greenbelt is receiving 30,000 Common Shares in four quarterly
installments of 7,500 shares each. The Company has agreed to register those
shares for sale under the Act, upon request, on substantially the same terms as
the registration provisions pertaining to the warrants under the original
agreement.
47
On
March 9, 1999, the Company completed a subscription rights offering raising
$7,328,626, through the sale of 751,654 common shares.
On
July 15, 1999, the Company established the BioTime Endowment for the Study
of Aging and Low-Temperature Medicine (the Endowment) at the
University of California at Berkeley. The endowment will support the research
activities of faculty and researchers in the areas of aging and low temperature
medicine. The initial term of the Endowment shall be for ten years, and upon
review, renewed every five years thereafter. The Company funded the Endowment
with $65,000 in cash and a warrant to the University to purchase 40,000 of the
Companys common shares for $0.50 per share. On September 23, 1999, the
University of California at Berkeley exercised its warrant for 40,000 shares.
The fair value of the warrant, estimated to be approximately $552,000, was
recognized in research and development expenses during the quarter.
5. STOCK OPTION PLAN
The
Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 1992 Stock Option Plan (the
Plan) during September 1992. The Plan was approved by the
shareholders at the 1992 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on December 1, 1992.
Under the Plan, as amended, the Company has reserved 1,800,000 common shares for
issuance under options granted to eligible persons. No options may be granted
under the Plan more than ten years after the date the Plan was adopted by the
Board of Directors, and no options granted under the Plan may be exercised after
the expiration of ten years from the date of grant.
Under
the Plan, options to purchase common shares may be granted to employees,
directors and certain consultants at prices not less than the fair market value
at date of grant for incentive stock options and not less than 85% of fair
market value for other stock options. These options expire five to ten years
from the date of grant and may be fully exercisable immediately, or may be
exercisable according to a schedule or conditions specified by the Board of
Directors or the Option Committee. During the year ended June 30, 1998,
employees, including directors, were granted options to purchase 17,500 common
shares, and non-employees were granted options to purchase 14,500 common shares.
During the six months ended December 31, 1998, no options were granted to
employees or directors, and an option to purchase 20,000 shares was granted to a
consultant. During the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, employees and
directors were granted options to purchase 48,000 and 33,000 common shares,
respectively, and non-employees were granted options to purchase 4,500 and
63,000 shares, respectively. Of the options granted to consultants, options to
purchase 60,000 common shares vest upon
achievement
of certain milestones. The Company is amortizing into compensation the estimated
fair value of such options ($293,421 at December 31, 2000), subject to
remeasurement at the end of each reporting period, over the period estimated to
achieve such milestones (one to two years). Compensation expense recognized on
these options during the year ended December 31, 2000 was approximately
$203,229. At December 31, 2000, 480,500 shares were available for future grants
under the Option Plan.
48
Option activity under the Plan is as follows:
|
Weighted
Number of Average Exercise
Shares Price
---------------------- -----------------------
Outstanding, June 30, 1997 (678,000 exercisable at a
weighted average price of $4.22) 840,000 3.78
Granted (weighted average fair value of $11.44 per
share) 32,000 16.56
Exercised 337,500 2.63
Canceled -- --
---------------------- -----------------------
Outstanding, June 30, 1998 (411,500 exercisable at a
weighted average price of $6.52) 534,500 5.28
Granted (weighted average fair value of $2.50 per
share) 20,000 7.25
Exercised 84,000 4.71
Canceled -- --
---------------------- -----------------------
Outstanding, December 31, 1998 (440,500
exercisable at a weighted average price of $5.76) 470,500 $ 5.46
Granted (weighted average fair value of $9.52 per
share) 96,000 11.81
Exercised 68,000 12.65
Canceled -- --
---------------------- -----------------------
Outstanding, December 31, 1999 (438,500
exercisable at a weighted average price of $6.33) 498,500 6.98
Granted (weighted average fair value of $7.03 per
share) 52,500 9.95
Exercised 51,000 1.00
Canceled 30,000 1.10
---------------------- -----------------------
Outstanding, December 31, 2000 (470,000 470,000 8.34
exercisable at a weighted average price of $8.34)
49
Additional information
regarding options outstanding as of December 31, 2000 is as follows:
|
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
Weighted Avg.
Remaining
Range of Number Contractual Life Weighted Avg. Number Weighted Avg.
Exercise Prices Outstanding (yrs) Exercise Price Exercisable Exercise Price
- -------------------- ----------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------- ------------------
$1.00-1.13 99,000 2.91 $1.13 99,000 $ 1.13
6.00-8.82 86,500 2.15 6.23 86,500 6.23
9.00-13.00 262,500 3.74 10.93 262,500 10.93
18.25 22,000 1.90 18.25 22,000 18.25
----------------- ---------------
$1.00-$18.25 470,000 3.19 $8.34 470,000 $ 8.34
----------------- ---------------
As
discussed in Note 1, the Company continues to account for its employee
stock-based awards using the intrinsic value method in accordance with
Accounting Principles Board No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and
its related interpretations. Accordingly, no compensation expense has been
recognized in the financial statements for employee stock arrangements. Options
to purchase 181,500 shares were outstanding to employees at December 31, 2000.
Options granted to non-employees have been recognized in the financial
statements at the estimated fair value of the services or benefit provided.
Options to purchase 288,500 shares were outstanding to non-employees at December
31, 2000.
Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation, (SFAS 123) requires the disclosure of pro forma net income and
earnings per share had the Company adopted the fair value method as of the
beginning of fiscal 1995. Under SFAS 123, the fair value of stock-based awards
to employees is calculated through the use of option pricing models, even though
such models were developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully
transferable options without vesting restrictions, which significantly differ
from the Companys stock option awards. These models also require
subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected
time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. The Companys
calculations were made using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following weighted average assumptions: expected life of 24 - 60 months
following vesting; stock volatility of 87.4%, 84.7%, and 83.87% for the year
ended December 31,
2000 and 1999, and the year ended June 30, 1998, respectively; risk free
interest rates of 6.72%, 5.99%, and 5.64%, for the years ended December 31, 2000
and 1999, and the year ended June 30, 1998, respectively; and no dividends
during the expected term. The Companys calculations are based on a
multiple option valuation approach and forfeitures are recognized as they occur.
If the computed fair values of the options awarded during the years ended
December 31, 2000 and 1999 and the year ended June 30, 1998 had been amortized
to expense over the vesting period of the awards, pro forma net loss would have
been $5,103,989 ($0.46 per share) in 2000, $5,760,878 ($0.54 per share) in 1999,
and $3,665,915 ($0.37 per share) in 1998. No employee options vested or were
granted in the six months ended December 31, 1998.
50
Therefore, pro forma net loss
is the same as recorded net loss for the six months ended December 31, 1998. The
impact of outstanding non-vested stock options granted prior to 1996 has been
excluded from the pro forma calculation; accordingly, the year ended December
31,1999, the six months ending December 31, 1998, and the year ended June 30,
1998 pro forma adjustments are not indicative of future period pro forma
adjustments, when the calculation will apply to all applicable stock options.
6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The
Company has employment agreements with six officers who are also shareholders,
five of which expire in December 2001 and one which expires in April 2002. The
agreements automatically renew annually unless terminated by the Company. The
agreements also provide that in the event any of the officers employment
terminates, voluntarily or involuntarily, after a change in control of the
Company through an acquisition of voting stock or assets, or a merger or
consolidation with another corporation or entity, the executive officers will be
entitled to severance payments equal to the greater of (a) 2.99 times the
average annual compensation for the preceding five years or (b) the balance of
the base salary for the unexpired portion of the term of the employment
agreement. These officers/shareholders have signed intellectual property
agreements with the Company as a condition of their employment.
The
Company occupies its office and laboratory facility in Berkeley, California
under a lease that will expire on March 31, 2004. The Company presently occupies
approximately 8,890 square feet of space with a monthly rent of $10,400. The
rent will increase annually by the greater of 3% and the increase in the local
consumer price index, subject to a maximum annual increase of 7%. Rent expense
totaled $113,600 and $91,796 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999,
$32,694 for the six month period ending December 31, 1998, and $62,990 for the
year ended June 30, 1998, respectively; and cumulatively, $527,782 for the
period from inception to December 31, 2000.
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7. INCOME TAXES
The primary components of the net deferred tax asset are:
|
Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
2000 1999
--------------------- --------------------
Deferred Tax Asset:
NOL Carryforwards $ 11,938,185 $ 9,246,868
Research and Development Credits 873,269 788,920
Other, net (100,841) 514,618
--------------------- --------------------
Total 12,710,613 10,550,406
Valuation allowance (12,710,613) (10,550,406)
--------------------- --------------------
Net deferred tax asset $ -0- $ -0-
===================== ====================
No
tax benefit has been recorded through December 31, 2000 because of the net
operating losses incurred and a full valuation allowance provided. A valuation
allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the
deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company established a 100%
valuation allowance at December 31, 2000 and 1999 due to the uncertainty of
realizing future tax benefits from its net operating loss carryforwards and
other deferred tax assets.
As
of December 31, 2000, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $32,500,000 for federal and $13,500,000 for state tax purposes,
which begin to expire in 2005 and 2000, respectively. In addition, the Company
has tax credit carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of $580,000 and
$290,000, respectively, which will begin to expire in 2005.
Internal
Revenue Code Section 382 places a limitation (the Section 382
Limitation) on the amount of taxable income which can be offset by net
operating loss (NOL) carryforwards after a change in control
(generally greater than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation.
California has similar rules. Generally, after a control change, a loss
corporation cannot deduct NOL carryforwards in excess of the Section 382
Limitation. Due to these change in ownership provisions, utilization
of the NOL and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation
regarding their utilization against taxable income in future periods.
8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During
the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, the six months ended December 31,
1998 and the year ended June 30, 1998, fees for consulting services of $5,500,
$19,125, $15,649, and $33,500, respectively, were paid to a member of the Board
of Directors.
52
9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On
February 13, 2001, BioTime, Inc. and Horus B.V. (Horus), a
subsidiary of Akzo Nobel, N.V. (Akzo) entered into an Exclusive
License Agreement (the Agreement) under which BioTime has granted to
Horus an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Hextend in all parts of the
world except the United States, Canada and Japan. Horus may also acquire
additional licenses to manufacture and sell other BioTime plasma expander
products. Under the Agreement, Horus has agreed to pay BioTime an initial
license fee of $4,000,000, plus up to $5,500,000 in additional license fees upon
the attainment of certain milestones. BioTime will also earn specified royalties
under the Agreement.
Horus
will be responsible for obtaining regulatory approval for the use of Hextend in
those countries in which it plans to market the product, except that BioTime
will continue to process its pending application for regulatory approval in
Sweden. Horus obligations under the License Agreement are conditioned upon
the confirmation of certain manufacturing and supply arrangements.
BioTimes obligations are conditioned upon its receipt of the initial
license fee payment, and it will have the right to terminate the License
Agreement if it does not receive that payment within sixty (60) days.
During
March 2001, BioTime entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Agreement (the
Credit Agreement) with Alfred D. Kingsley, an investor and
consultant to the Company, under which BioTime may borrow up to $1,000,000 for
working capital purposes. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement will be
due in one year or when BioTime receives at least $2,000,000 through the sale of
capital stock, loans from other lenders, fees under licensing agreements, or any
combination of those sources. Interest on borrowings shall accrue at a rate of
10% per annum and is payable with principal on the maturity date. Mandatory
prepayments of principal will be due to the extent that the Company receives
funds from any one or more of those sources in excess of $1,000,000 but less
than $2,000,000.
10. QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
Summarized
unaudited results of operations for each quarter of the years ended December 31,
2000 and 1999, are as follows:
|
Fourth Total
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Quarter Year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2000
- ---------------------------
Revenue $5,732 $7,387 $19,592 $19,781 $52,492
Net Loss $1,319,947 $1,329,761 $1,224,955 $1,050,361 $4,925,024
Net Loss per share $.12 $.12 $.11 $.10 $.44
Fourth Total
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Quarter Year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 1999
- ---------------------------
Revenue $437,500 $600,000 -- -- $1,037,500
Net Loss $786,939 $990,594 $2,254,588 $1,447,763 $5,479,884
Net Loss per share $.08 $.09 $.21 $.14 $.51
54
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
Directors and Executive Officers
The names and ages of the directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows:
Paul Segall, Ph.D., 58, is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and has served as a
director of the Company since 1990. Dr. Segall received a Ph.D. in Physiology from the University
of California at Berkeley in 1977.
Ronald S. Barkin, 55, became President of BioTime during October, 1997, after serving as
Executive Vice President since April 1997. Mr. Barkin has been a director of the Company since
1990. Before becoming an executive officer of the Company, Mr. Barkin practiced civil and
corporate law for more than 25 years after getting a J.D. from Boalt Hall, University of California
at Berkeley.
Victoria Bellport, 35, is the Chief Financial Officer and Vice President and has been a
director of the Company since 1990. Ms. Bellport received a B.A. in Biochemistry from the
University of California at Berkeley in 1988.
Hal Sternberg, Ph.D., 47, is the Vice President of Research and has been a director of the
Company since 1990. Dr. Sternberg was a visiting scientist and research Associate at the University
of California at Berkeley from 1985-1988, where he supervised a team of researchers studying
Alzheimers Disease. Dr. Sternberg received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in
Biochemistry in 1982.
Harold Waitz, Ph.D., 58, is the Vice President of Engineering and Regulatory Affairs and
has been a director of the Company since 1990. He received his Ph.D. in Biophysics and Medical
Physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1983.
Judith Segall, 47, is the Vice President of Technology and Secretary, and has been a director
of the Company from 1990 through 1994, and from 1995 through the present date. Ms. Segall
received a B.S. in Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics from the University of California at Berkeley in
1989.
Jeffrey B. Nickel, Ph.D., 56, joined the Board of Directors of the Company during March
1997. Dr. Nickel is the President of Nickel Consulting through which he has served as a consultant
to companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries since 1990. Prior to starting his
55
consulting business, Dr. Nickel served in a number of management positions for Syntex Corporation
and Merck & Company. Dr. Nickel received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Rutgers
University in 1970.
Milton H. Dresner, 74, joined the Board of Directors of the Company during February 1998.
Mr. Dresner is Co-Chairman of the Highland Companies, a diversified organization engaged in the
development and ownership of residential and industrial real estate. Mr. Dresner serves as a director
of Avatar Holdings, Inc., a real estate development company, and Childtime Learning Centers, Inc.
a child care and pre-school education services company.
Executive Officers
Paul Segall, Ronald S. Barkin, Victoria Bellport, Hal Sternberg, Harold Waitz and Judith
Segall are the only executive officers of BioTime.
There are no family relationships among the directors or officers of the Company, except that
Paul Segall and Judith Segall are husband and wife.
Directors Meetings, Compensation and Committees of the Board
The Board of Directors has an Audit Committee, the members of which are Jeffrey Nickel
and Milton Dresner. The purpose of the Audit Committee is to recommend the engagement of the
corporations independent auditors and to review their performance, the plan, scope and results of
the audit, and the fees paid to the corporations independent auditors. The Audit Committee also will
review the Companys accounting and financial reporting procedures and controls and all
transactions between the Company and its officers, directors, and shareholders who beneficially own
5% or more of the Common Shares.
The Company does not have a standing Nominating Committee. Nominees to the Board of
Directors are selected by the entire Board.
The Board of Directors has a Stock Option Committee that administers the Companys 1992
Stock Option Plan and makes grants of options to key employees, consultants, scientific advisory
board members and independent contractors of the Company, but not to officers or directors of the
Company. The members of the Stock Option Committee are Paul Segall, Ronald S. Barkin, and
Victoria Bellport. The Stock Option Committee was formed during September 1992.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000, the Board of Directors met 7 times. No
director attended fewer than 75% of the meetings of the Board or any committee on which they
served.
Directors of the Company who are not employees receive an annual fee of $20,000, which
may be paid in cash or in Common Shares, at the election of the director. During the year ended
December 31, 2000, each director who was not a Company employee also received options to
purchase 10,000 Common Shares. Directors of the Company and members of committees of the
Board of Directors who are employees of the Company are not compensated for serving as directors
or attending meetings of
the Board or committees of the Board. Directors are entitled to reimbursements
for their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board or
committees of the Board. Directors who are employees of the Company are also
entitled to receive compensation in such capacity.
56
Executive Compensation
The Company has entered into five-year employment agreements (the Employment
Agreements) with Paul Segall, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Victoria Bellport, the
Chief Financial Officer; Judith Segall, Vice President of Technology and Corporate Secretary; Hal
Sternberg, Vice President of Research; and Harold Waitz, Vice President of Engineering and
Regulatory Affairs. The initial five-year term of the Employment Agreements expired on December
31, 2000, but each Employment Agreement provides for automatic renewal annually for a one-year
term, unless the Company elects to terminate the Employment Agreement as of December 31 of the
applicable year by giving the employee sixty days prior written notice. The Employment
Agreements may terminate prior to the end of the year if the employee (1) dies, (2) leaves the
Company, (3) becomes disabled for a period of 90 days in any 150 day period, or (4) is discharged
by the Board of Directors for failure to carry out the reasonable policies of the Board, persistent
absenteeism, or a material breach of a covenant. Under the Employment Agreements, the executive
officers are presently receiving annual salaries of $163,000, and will receive a one-time cash bonus
of $25,000 if the Company receives at least $1,000,000 of equity financing from a pharmaceutical
company.
In the event of the executive officers death during the term of his or her Employment
Agreement, the Company will pay his or her estate his or her salary for a period of six month or until
the end of the year, whichever first occurs. In the event that the executive officers employment
terminates, voluntarily or involuntarily, after a change in control of the Company through an
acquisition of voting stock, an acquisition of the Companys assets, or a merger or consolidation of
the Company with another corporation or entity, the executive officers will be entitled to severance
compensation equal to the greater of (a) 2.99 times his or her average annual compensation for the
preceding five years and (b) the balance of his or her base salary for the unexpired portion of the
term of his Employment Agreement.
The Company also entered into a similar employment agreement with Ronald S. Barkin,
which commenced on April 1, 1997 and expires on March 31, 2002.
Each executive officer has also executed an Intellectual Property Agreement which provides
that the Company is the owner of all inventions developed by the executive officer during the course
of his or her employment.
The following table summarizes certain information concerning the compensation paid to
the five most highly compensated executive officers during the last three full fiscal years and the six
months ended December 31, 1998.
57
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
|
Annual Compensation Long-Term Compensation
------------------- ----------------------
Name and Principal Position Year Ended Salary($) Bonus Stock Options (Shares)
- --------------------------- ---------- -------- ----- ----------------------
Paul Segall December 31, 2000 $163,000
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer December 31, 1999 $156,000
December 31, 1998* $ 49,500
June 30, 1998 $ 95,500 $50,000 __
Hal Sternberg
Vice President of Research December 31, 2000 $163,000
December 31, 1999 $156,000
December 31, 1998* $ 49,500
June 30, 1998 $ 95,500 $25,000 __
Harold Waitz December 31, 2000 $163,000
Vice President of Engineering December 31, 1999 $156,000
December 31, 1998* $ 49,500
June 30, 1998 $ 95,500 __ __
Victoria Bellport December 31, 2000 $163,000
Vice President and December 31, 1999 $156,000
Chief Financial Officer December 31, 1998* $ 49,500
June 30, 1998 $ 95,500 $25,000 __
Judith Segall December 31, 2000 $163,000
Vice President and Corporate Secretary December 31, 1999 $156,000
December 31, 1998* $ 49,500
June 30, 1998 $ 95,500 $25,000 __
*During 1998, the Company changed its fiscal year end from June 30 to December 31. The amounts of base salary shown in
the table for the year ended December 31, 1998 reflect a short (six month) fiscal year.
Insider Participation in Compensation Decisions
The Board of Directors does not have a standing Compensation Committee. Instead, the Board
of Directors as a whole approves all executive compensation. All of the executive officers of the
Company serve on the Board of Directors but do not vote on matters pertaining to their own personal
compensation. Paul Segall and Judith Segall do not vote on matters pertaining to each others
compensation.
58
Stock Options
None of the five most highly compensated executive officers of the Company held any stock
options during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
During the year ended December 31, 2000, $5,500 in fees for consulting services was paid to
Jeffrey B. Nickel, a member of the Board of Directors.
During September 1995, the Company entered into an agreement for financial advisory services
with Greenbelt Corp., a corporation controlled by Alfred D. Kingsley and Gary K. Duberstein, who
are also shareholders of the Company. Under this agreement the Company issued to the financial
advisor warrants to purchase 311,276 Common Shares at a price of $1.93 per share, and the Company
agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase up to an additional 622,549 Common Shares at a price
equal to the greater of (a) 150% of the average market price of the Common Shares during the three
months prior to issuance and (b) $2 per share. The additional warrants were issued in equal quarterly
installments over a two year period, beginning October 15, 1995. The exercise price and number of
Common Shares for which the warrants may be exercised are subject to adjustment to prevent dilution
in the event of a stock split, combination, stock dividend, reclassification of shares, sale of assets,
merger or similar transaction. The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants, the
exercise prices, and the expiration dates of the warrants are as follows:
|
Number of Warrant Shares Exercise Price Per Share Expiration Date
------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------
389,094 $ 1.93 October 15, 2000
77,818 $ 1.93 January15, 2001
77,818 $ 2.35 April 15, 2001
77,818 $ 9.65 July 15, 2001
77,818 $9.42 October 15, 2001
77,818 $10.49 January 15, 2002
77,818 $15.74 April 15, 2002
77,818 $13.75 July 15, 2002
The number of shares and
exercise prices shown have been adjusted for the Companys subscription
rights distributions during January 1997 and February 1999 and the payment of a
stock dividend during October 1997. Greenbelt has purchased 466,912 Common
Shares by exercising some of those warrants and continues to hold warrants to
purchase an aggregate of 466,908 Common Shares.
Under the agreement, the Company has filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to register
622,548 warrants and underlying Common Shares for sale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the Act). The Company has the obligation to file, at Greenbelts request, one or more additional
registration statements to cover the 311,272 warrants and Common Shares not covered by the first
registration statement. The Company will bear the expenses of registration, other than any underwriting
59
discounts that may be incurred by Greenbelt Corp. in connection with a sale of the warrants or common
shares. The Company shall not be obligated to file more than two such registration statements, other
than registration statements on Form S-3. Greenbelt Corp. also is entitled to include warrants and
common shares in any registration statement filed by the Company to register other securities for sale
under the Act.
During April 1998, the Company entered into a new financial advisory services agreement with
Greenbelt. The new agreement provides for an initial payment of $90,000 followed by an advisory fee
of $15,000 per month that will be paid quarterly. The Company agreed to reimburse Greenbelt for all
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with its engagement as financial advisor, and
to indemnify Greenbelt and its officers, affiliates, employees, agents, assignees, and controlling person
from any liabilities arising out of or in connection with actions taken on BioTimes behalf under the
agreement. The agreement has been renewed for a period of twelve months ending March 31, 2001,
but instead of cash compensation Greenbelt is receiving 30,000 Common Shares in four quarterly
installments of 7,500 shares each. The Company has agreed to register those shares for sale under the
Act, upon request, on substantially the same terms as the registration provisions pertaining to the
warrants under the original agreement.
During March 2001, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement with Alfred D. Kingsley.
In consideration of Mr. Kingsleys agreement to provide that line of credit, the Company issued to him
a warrant to purchase 50,000 Common Shares at an exercise price of $8.31 per share. The warrant will
expire in five years. The exercise price and number of Common Shares for which the warrant may be
exercised are subject to adjustment to prevent dilution in the event of a stock split, combination, stock
dividend, reclassification of shares, sale of assets, merger or similar transaction. The Company has
agreed to register the shares issuable unde the warrant for sale under the Act, upon request, on
substantially the same terms as the registration provisions pertaining to the warrants issued under the
Companys consulting agreement with Greenbelt.
60
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
The following table sets forth information as of March 23, 2001 concerning beneficial ownership
of Common Shares by each shareholder known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of 5% or
more of the Companys Common Shares, and the Companys executive officers and directors.
Information concerning certain beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Common Shares is based upon
information disclosed by such owners in their reports on Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G.
|
Number of Percent of
Shares Total
------ -----
Alfred D. Kingsley (1)
Gary K. Duberstein
Greenbelt Corp.
Greenway Partners, L.P.
Greenhouse Partners, L.P.
277 Park Avenue, 27th Floor
New York, New York 10017 1,828,337 15.2
Paul and Judith Segall (2) 645,408 5.6
Harold D. Waitz (3) 424,166 3.7
Hal Sternberg 402,043 3.5
Victoria Bellport 205,978 1.8
Ronald S. Barkin (4) 192,861 1.7
Jeffrey B. Nickel (5) 35,000 *
Milton H. Dresner (6) 41,598 *
All officers and directors
as a group (8 persons)(4)(5)(6) 1,947,054 16.8%
- ---------------------------
* Less than 1%
(1) Includes 466,908 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of certain warrants owned
beneficially by Greenbelt Corp and 549,142 Common Shares owned by Greenbelt Corp. Mr.
Kingsley and Mr. Duberstein may be deemed to beneficially own the warrant shares that
Greenbelt Corp. beneficially owns. Includes 90,750 Common Shares owned by Greenway
Partners, L.P. Greenhouse Partners, L.P. is the general partner of Greenway Partners, L.P. and
Mr. Kingsley and Mr. Duberstein are the general partners of Greenhouse Partners, L.P.
Greenhouse Partners, L.P., Mr. Kingsley and Mr. Duberstein may be deemed to beneficially own
the Common Shares that Greenway Partners, L.P. beneficially owns. Includes 653,142 Common
Shares owned solely by Mr. Kingsley and 50,000 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of
certain warrants owned by Mr. Kingsley, as to which Mr. Duberstein disclaims beneficial
ownership. Includes 10,895 Common Shares owned solely by Mr. Duberstein, as to which Mr.
Kingsley disclaims beneficial ownership.
(2) Includes 443,245 shares held of record by Paul Segall and 202,163 shares held of record by Judith
Segall.
(3) Includes 2,100 shares held for the benefit of Dr. Waitzs minor children.
(4) Includes 90,000 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of certain options.
(5) Includes 35,000 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of certain options.
(6) Includes 20,000 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of certain stock options. Does not
include Common Shares that Mr. Dresner may acquire in lieu of cash payment of his directors
fees.
COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), requires
the Companys directors and executive officers and persons who own more than ten percent (10%) of a
registered class of the Companys equity securities to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the SEC) initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of Common Shares and
other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners
are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all reports they file under Section
16(a).
To the Companys knowledge, based solely on its review of the copies of such reports furnished
to the Company and written representations that no other reports were required, all Section 16(a) filing
requirements applicable to its officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners were
complied with during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
62
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
(a-1) Financial Statements.
The following financial statements of BioTime, Inc. are filed in the Form 10-K:
|
Page
----
Independent Auditors' Report 35
Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2000
and December 31, 1999 36
Statements of Operations For the
Years Ended December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999, the Six Months Ended
December 31, 1998, the Two Years in the Period
Ended June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 37
Statements of Shareholders' Equity For the
Years Ended December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999, the Six Months
Ended December 31, 1998, the Two Years in the Period
Ended June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 38-40
Statements of Cash Flows For the
Years Ended December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999, the Six Months Ended
December 31, 1998, the Two Years in the Period
Ended June 30, 1998 and the Period From Inception
(November 30, 1990) to December 31, 2000 41-42
Notes to Financial Statements 43-54
(a-2) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented
in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
(a-3) Exhibits.
Exhibit
Numbers Description
- ------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation, as Amended.
3.3 By-Laws, As Amended.#
4.1 Specimen of Common Share Certificate.+
10.1 Lease Agreement dated July 1, 1994 between the Registrant and Robert and Norah Brower,
relating to principal executive offices of the Registrant.*
10.2 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Paul Segall.++
10.3 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Hal Sternberg.++
10.4 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Harold Waitz.++
10.5 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Judith Segall.++
10.6 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Victoria Bellport.++
10.7 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Paul Segall.+
10.8 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Hal Sternberg.+
10.9 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Harold Waitz.+
10.10 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Judith Segall.+
10.11 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Victoria Bellport.+
10.12 Agreement between CMSI and BioTime Officers Releasing Employment Agreements, Selling
Shares, and Transferring Non-Exclusive License.+
10.13 Agreement for Trans Time, Inc. to Exchange CMSI Common Stock for BioTime, Inc. Common
Shares.+
10.14 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended.##
10.15 Employment Agreement dated April 1, 1997 between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^
10.16 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^
10.17 Addenda to Lease Agreement between the Company and Donn Logan.
10.18 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Segall.^^
10.19 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Hal Sternberg.^^
10.20 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Harold Waitz.^^
10.21 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Judith Segall.^^
10.22 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Victoria Bellport.^^
10.23 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^^
10.24 Exclusive License Agreement between Abbott Laboratories and BioTime, Inc. (Portions of this
exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).###
10.25 Modification of Exclusive License Agreement between Abbott Laboratories and BioTime, Inc.
(Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).^^^
10.26 Exclusive License Agreement between Hours, B.V. and BioTime, Inc.
(Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).
10.27 Guaranty of Akzo Nobel, N.V.
10.28 Revolving Line of Credit Agreement between BioTime, Inc. and Alfred D. Kingsley**
10.29 Warrant Agreement between BioTime, Inc. and Alfred D. Kingsley**
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP**
Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1998.
+ Incorporated by reference
to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File Number 33-44549 filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on December 18, 1991, and Amendment No. 1 and
Amendment No. 2 thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
February 6, 1992 and March 7, 1992, respectively.
# Incorporated by reference
to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File Number 33-48717 and Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 22, 1992, and August 27, 1992, respectively.
* Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1994.
++ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1996.
65
^ Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997.
## Incorporated by
reference to Registration Statement on Form S-8, File Number 333-30603 filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 2, 1997.
^ ^ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999.
### Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 8-K, filed April 24, 1997.
^^^ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999.
Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999.
Incorporated by reference to the Companys Form 8-K filed February 16, 2001
** Filed herewith.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The Company did not file
any reports of Form 8-K for the three months ended December 31, 2000.
66
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized on the 28th day of March 2001.
BIOTIME, INC.
By: /s/Paul E. Segall
Paul E. Segall, Ph.D.
Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer (Principal executive
officer)
|
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/s/Paul E. Segall
- ----------------------
Paul E. Segall, Ph.D. Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and March 28, 2001
Director (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/Ronald S. Barkin
- ----------------------
Ronald S. Barkin President and Director March 28, 2001
/s/Harold D. Waitz
- ----------------------
Harold D. Waitz, Ph.D. Vice President and Director March 28, 2001
/s/Hal Sternberg
- ----------------------
Hal Sternberg, Ph.D. Vice President and Director March 28, 2001
/s/Victoria Bellport
- ----------------------
Victoria Bellport Chief Financial Officer and March 28, 2001
Director (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
/s/Judith Segall
- ----------------------
Judith Segall Vice President, Corporate Secretary March 28, 2001
and Director
- ----------------------
Jeffrey B. Nickel Director March __, 2001
- ----------------------
Milton H. Dresner Director March __, 2001
Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Numbers Description
- ------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation, as Amended.
3.3 By-Laws, As Amended.#
4.1 Specimen of Common Share Certificate.+
10.1 Lease Agreement dated July 1, 1994 between the Registrant and Robert and Norah Brower,
relating to principal executive offices of the Registrant.*
10.2 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Paul Segall.++
10.3 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Hal Sternberg.++
10.4 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Harold Waitz.++
10.5 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Judith Segall.++
10.6 Employment Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the Company and Victoria Bellport.++
10.7 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Paul Segall.+
10.8 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Hal Sternberg.+
10.9 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Harold Waitz.+
10.10 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Judith Segall.+
10.11 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Victoria Bellport.+
10.12 Agreement between CMSI and BioTime Officers Releasing Employment Agreements, Selling
Shares, and Transferring Non-Exclusive License.+
10.13 Agreement for Trans Time, Inc. to Exchange CMSI Common Stock for BioTime, Inc. Common
Shares.+
10.14 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended.##
10.15 Employment Agreement dated April 1, 1997 between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^
10.16 Intellectual Property Agreement between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^
10.17 Addenda to Lease Agreement between the Company and Donn Logan.
10.18 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Segall.^^
10.19 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Hal Sternberg.^^
10.20 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Harold Waitz.^^
10.21 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Judith Segall.^^
10.22 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Victoria Bellport.^^
10.23 Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Ronald S. Barkin.^^
10.24 Exclusive License Agreement between Abbott Laboratories and BioTime, Inc. (Portions of this
exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).###
10.25 Modification of Exclusive License Agreement between Abbott Laboratories and BioTime, Inc.
(Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).^^^
10.26 Exclusive License Agreement between Hours, B.V. and BioTime, Inc.
(Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).
10.27 Guaranty of Akzo Nobel, N.V.
10.28 Revolving Line of Credit Agreement between BioTime, Inc. and Alfred D. Kingsley**
10.29 Warrant Agreement between BioTime, Inc. and Alfred D. Kingsley**
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP**
Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1998.
+ Incorporated by reference
to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File Number 33-44549 filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on December 18, 1991, and Amendment No. 1 and
Amendment No. 2 thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
February 6, 1992 and March 7, 1992, respectively.
# Incorporated by reference
to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File Number 33-48717 and Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 22, 1992, and August 27, 1992, respectively.
* Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1994.
++ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1996.
^ Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997.
## Incorporated by
reference to Registration Statement on Form S-8, File Number 333-30603 filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 2, 1997.
^ ^ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999.
### Incorporated by reference
to the Companys Form 8-K, filed April 24, 1997.
^^^ Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999.
Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999.
Incorporated by reference to the Companys Form 8-K filed February 16, 2001
** Filed herewith.
69
|
Exhibit 10.28
REVOLVING LINE OF CREDIT AGREEMENT
by and between
BIOTIME, INC.
as Borrower
and
ALFRED D. KINGSLEY
as Lender
Dated as of March 27, 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
1. General Definitions......................................................................................1
2. Draws and Disbursements..................................................................................2
3. Terms of Payment.........................................................................................4
4. Warrant..................................................................................................5
5. Events of Default........................................................................................5
6. Remedies On Default......................................................................................6
7. Representations and Warranties of Borrower...............................................................6
8. Affirmative Covenants....................................................................................8
9. Fees and Charges of Attorneys and Others.................................................................9
10. Maximum Permitted Interest..............................................................................10
11. Governing Law...........................................................................................10
12. Successors and Assigns..................................................................................10
13. Entire Agreement; Amendment.............................................................................10
14. Survival................................................................................................10
15. Notices.................................................................................................10
16. Delays and Omissions....................................................................................11
17. Rules of Construction...................................................................................11
18. Severability............................................................................................12
19. Counterparts............................................................................................12
i
REVOLVING LINE OF CREDIT AGREEMENT
This Revolving Line of Credit Agreement (Credit Agreement) is made and entered into as of
March 27, 2001, by and between Alfred D. Kingsley (Lender), and BioTime, Inc., a California
corporation (Borrower).
RECITALS
Borrower has requested a
credit facility consisting of a revolving line of credit, and Lender is willing
to make the requested credit facility to Borrower, but only upon the terms, and
subject to the conditions, contained herein.
AGREEMENT
Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants hereinafter contained,
the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.1 General Definitions. The following words shall have the following meanings:
1.1.1 Business Day means any day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday, or a day
on which banks are required, or permitted, to be closed in the State of New York.
1.1.2 Credit Facility means the right of Borrower to borrow up to $1,000,000
from Lender under the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement and the Note.
1.1.3 Debtor Relief Law means the Bankruptcy Code of the United States of
America, as amended, or any other applicable liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy,
moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief law
affecting the rights of creditors generally.
1.1.4 Event of Default or Events of Default means any of the events
specified in Section 5, 2.
1.1.5 Loan means the loans made by Lender to Borrower pursuant to this Credit
Agreement, and evidenced by the Note.
1.1.6 Loan Documents means this Credit Agreement, the Note, the Warrant
Agreement, and all other agreements, instruments, and documents in favor of Lender, now or
hereafter executed by or on behalf of Borrower and delivered to Lender in connection with this
Credit Agreement or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated hereby.
1
1.1.7 Maturity Date means the earlier of (i) March 31, 2002, and (ii) such date
on which Borrower shall have received an aggregate of $2,000,000 through (A) the sale of capital
stock, (B) the collection
of license fees, signing fees, milestone fees, or similar fees under
Borrowers Exclusive License Agreement with Abbott Laboratories, Exclusive
License Agreement with Horus, B.V., or under any other present or future
agreement pursuant to which Borrower grants one or more licenses to use
Borrowers patents or technology, (C) funds borrowed from other lenders, or
(D) any combination of sources under clauses (A) through (C).
1.1.8 Note means the promissory note, of even date, in the form attached as
EXHIBIT A, evidencing the Loan to be executed concurrently with this Credit Agreement.
1.1.9 Warrant means the stock purchase warrant issued under the Warrant
Agreement attached as EXHIBIT B, entitling the holder thereof to purchase common shares of the
Borrower.
1.2 Draws and Disbursements.
1.2.1 Maximum Loan Amount. On the terms and conditions set forth in this
Credit Agreement, Lender shall make available to Borrower the Credit Facility, as a revolving line
of credit in a principal amount not to exceed at any one time One Million Dollars ($1,000,000),
less all amounts of principal prepaid or required to be prepaid under Section 3.2.1 of this Credit
Agreement (the Maximum Loan Amount).
1.2.2 Draw Period. Borrower may request from Lender advances of funds
(Draws) under the Credit Facility from the date of this Agreement until March 1, 2002 (the
Draw Period). As amounts drawn by Borrower hereunder are repaid, they may be reborrowed
subject to the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement; provided, that at no time shall the
aggregate principal amount of Loans outstanding under this Credit Agreement exceed the
Maximum Loan Amount. The Draw Period may be terminated by Borrower at any time by
written notice to Lender. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement, and
provided that no Event of Default has occurred, Lender shall make advances to Borrower upon
request as provided in this Section 2. Upon the occurrence of an Event of, one of Lenders
remedies includes Lenders right to terminate the Draw Period and Borrowers right to make
Draws under this Credit Agreement.
1.2.3 Increments. Draws must be in increments of not less than One Hundred
Thousand Dollars ($100,000), or the remaining amount available under the Credit Facility,
whichever is less.
1.2.4 Use of Funds. All funds borrowed under this Credit Agreement will be
used as working capital to pay Borrower expenses arising in the ordinary course of business.
1.2.5 Disbursement Procedures.
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2.5.1 Borrower hereby appoints its Chief Executive Officer, President, and
Chief Financial Officer as
the officers authorized to make Draws under this Credit Agreement during the
Draw Period. Any one of such officers (the Authorized Officers) is
authorized to make Draws. Lender, at its sole option, may require that all
requests for Loan funds be in writing, signed by an Authorized Officer, in a
form acceptable to Lender. Facsimile documents may be accepted by Lender as
originals. Any Draw by an Authorized Officer shall constitute an ongoing
representation and warranty by Borrower that at the time of request for or
payment of any Draw no Event of Default has occurred.
2.5.2 Draws shall be paid according to the Authorized Officers
instructions, except that
checks representing Loan funds shall always be made payable to Borrower, and
wire transfers shall only be permitted if Borrower has authorized payment into
the account into which the funds are to be deposited. The appointment of the
above-named Authorized Officer(s) shall remain in full force and effect until
written notice of revocation of appointment signed by the Chief Executive
Officer or Chief Financial Officer of Borrower has been received by Lender.
2.5.3 Lender shall advance Loan funds available under the Credit Facility
in accordance with
Borrowers Draws within four (4) Business Days after the receipt of the
Draw.
2.5.4 Each Draw shall be accompanied by the certificates required by
Section 2.6.
2.5.5 Borrower shall indemnify and hold Lender harmless from loss or
liability of any kind
arising from or related to any action or inaction taken by Lender in good faith
in reliance upon instructions received from any Authorized Officer.
1.2.6 Conditions Precedent. The following conditions must be satisfied before
Lender shall be obligated to disburse Loan funds to Borrower pursuant to a Draw:
2.6.1 Due execution. Lender shall have received duly originals of this
Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents.
2.6.2 Approvals. Lender shall have received evidence satisfactory to it
that all consents and
approvals which are necessary for, or required as a condition of, the validity
and enforceability of this Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents have
been obtained and are in full force and effect.
2.6.3 Representations and Warranties Correct. All of Borrowers
representations and
warranties contained in this Credit Agreement and in any other Loan Document
shall be true and correct in all material respects on the date the Loan funds
are disbursed, and Borrower shall have delivered to Lender a certificate executed by an Authorized
Officer to such effect.
2.6.4 No Event of Default. No Event of Default shall have occurred, and
Borrower shall have delivered to Lender a certificate executed by an Authorized Officer to such
effect.
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2.6.5 Independent Verification. Borrower must provide for Lenders
review and acceptance such
documentation as may be required by Lender to ensure Borrower is in compliance
with the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement, including, without
limitation, resolutions of Borrowers board of directors or a duly
constituted and authorized committee thereof, certified by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of the corporation, authorizing the execution and delivery
of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and performance of
Borrowers obligations hereunder and thereunder.
2.6.6 Warrant. Prior to the initial Draw under this Credit Agreement,
Borrower must have executed
the Warrant Agreement and issued the Warrant to Lender.
2.6.7 Closing Costs. Borrower must have paid all attorneys fees incurred
by Lender in connection the preparation,
execution, and delivery of the Loan Documents, and all reports and notices
required to be filed by Lender or its affiliates under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with this Agreement and Lenders
receipt of the Warrant.
1.3 Terms of Payment.
1.3.1 Interest. Interest shall accrue and be payable at the rate of 10% per annum
on the outstanding principal balance of the Loan. Interest shall accrue from the date of each
disbursement of principal pursuant to a Draw. Accrued interest shall be paid with principal on
the Maturity Date. Interest will be charged on that part of outstanding principal of the Loan which
has not been paid and shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and a 30-day month.
1.3.2 Payment of Principal. The outstanding principal balance of the Loan,
together with accrued interest, shall be paid in full on the Maturity Date.
3.2.1 Mandatory Prepayment of Principal. In the event that Borrower
receives, in the aggregate,
an amount of funds in excess of $1,000,000 but less than $2,000,000 from (A) the
sale of capital stock, (B) the collection of license fees, signing fees,
milestone fees, or similar fees under Borrowers Exclusive License
Agreement with Abbott Laboratories, Exclusive License Agreement with Horus,
B.V., or under any other present or future agreement pursuant to which Borrower
grants one or more licenses to use Borrowers patents or technology, (C)
funds borrowed from other lenders, or (D) any combination of sources under
clauses (A) through (C), Borrower shall use the funds in excess of $1,000,000 to
prepay principal, plus
accrued interest, within
two business days after such funds are received by Borrower, and the amount of
principal so prepaid shall reduce the Maximum Loan Amount.
3.2.2 Optional Prepayment of Principal. Borrower may prepay
principal, with accrued
interest, at any time and the amount of principal so prepaid shall be available
for further Draws by Borrower during the Draw Period to the extent that the
prepayment of principal was not required under Section 3.2.1.
4
1.3.3 Default Interest Rate; Late Payment Charge. In the event that any
payment of principal or interest is not paid within five (5) days from on the date on which the
same is due and payable, such payment shall continue as an obligation of the Borrower, and
interest thereon from the due date of such payment and interest on the entire unpaid balance of the
Loan shall accrue until paid in full at the lesser of (i) fifteen percent (15%) per annum, or (ii) the
highest interest rate permitted under applicable law (the Default Rate). From and after the
Maturity Date or upon acceleration of the Note, the entire unpaid principal balance of the Loan
with all unpaid interest accrued thereon, and any and all other fees and charges then due at such
maturity, shall bear interest at the Default Rate.
1.3.4 Date of Payment. If the date on which a payment of principal or interest
on the Loan is due is a day other than a Business Day, then payment of such principal or interest
need not be made on such date but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day.
1.3.5 Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to costs of
collection, next to late charges or other sums owing Lender, next to accrued interest, and then to
principal, or in such other order or proportion as Lender, in its sole discretion, may determine.
1.3.6 Currency. All payments shall be made in United States Dollars.
1.4 Warrant. As consideration for Lender making Credit Faculty available to
Borrower, Borrower will issue and deliver Lender a Warrant to purchase fifty
thousand (50,000) common shares, no par value of Borrower. The exercise price of
the Warrant will be $8.31.
1.5 Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default: (a)
the default of Borrower in the payment of any interest or principal due under
this Credit Agreement or the Note; (b) the failure of Borrower to perform or
observe any other term or provision of, or covenant, agreement, or obligation
under, this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document; (c) any act, omission,
or other event that constitutes an Event of Default under the Note;
(d) any representation or warranty of Borrower contained in this Credit
Agreement or in any other Loan Document, or in any certificate delivered by
Borrower pursuant to this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, is false
or misleading in any material respect when made or given; (e) Borrower becoming
the subject of any order for relief in a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law;
(f) Borrower making an assignment for the benefit of creditors; (g) Borrower
applying for or consenting to the appointment of any receiver, trustee,
custodian, conservator, liquidator,
rehabilitator, or similar
officer for it or for all or any part of its property or assets; (h) the
appointment of any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator,
rehabilitator, or similar officer for Borrower, or for all or any part of the
property or assets of Borrower, without the application or consent Borrower if
such appointment continues undischarged or
unstayed for sixty (60) calendar
days; (i) Borrower instituting or consenting to any proceeding under any Debtor
Relief Law with respect to Borrower, or all or any part of its property or
assets, or the institution of any similar case or proceeding without the consent
of Borrower, if such case or proceeding continues undismissed or unstayed for
sixty (60) calendar days; (j) the dissolution or liquidation of Borrower, or the
winding-up of the business or affairs of Borrower; (k) the taking of any action
by Borrower to initiate any of the actions described in clauses (f) through (j)
of this paragraph; (l) the issuance or levy of any judgment, writ, warrant of
attachment or execution or similar process against all or any material part of
the property or assets of Borrower if such process is not released, vacated or
fully bonded within sixty (60) calendar days after its issue or levy; or (m) any
breach or default by Borrower under its Exclusive License Agreement with Abbott
Laboratories, its Exclusive License Agreement with Horus, B.V., or under any
loan agreement, promissory note, or other instrument evidencing indebtedness
payable to a third party.
5
1.6 Remedies On Default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, at
Lenders option, all unpaid principal and accrued interest, and all other
amounts payable under this Credit Facility and any other Loan Document shall
become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, notice of
non-payment, protest, or notice of non-payment. Lender also shall have all other
rights, powers, and remedies available under this Credit Agreement and the Note
or any other Loan Document, or accorded by law or at equity. All rights, powers,
and remedies of Lender may be exercised at any time by Lender and from time to
time after the occurrence of an Event of Default. All rights, powers, and
remedies of Lender in connection with this Credit Agreement and the Note and any
Loan Document are cumulative and not exclusive and shall be in addition to any
other rights, powers, or remedies provided by law or equity.
1.7 Representations and Warranties of Borrower. Borrower represents and warrants
to Lender the following:
1.7.1 Organization; Capitalization. Borrower is a corporation duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of California and has all requisite
corporate power and authority to own its property and to carry on its business as now being
conducted.
1.7.2 Authority; Enforceability. Borrower has the power and authority to
execute and deliver this Credit Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, and to perform
all of Borrowers obligations under this Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents. This
Credit Agreement and each of the other Loan Agreements is the valid and binding agreement and
obligation of Borrower, enforceable in accordance with its respective terms, except to the extent
limited by any bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar law affecting the rights of creditors generally.
There are no corporate, contractual, statutory, regulatory,
judicial, or other restrictions of any kind upon the power and
authority of Borrower to execute and deliver this Credit Agreement or any other
Loan Document, and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Credit
Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including, without limitation: (a) the
payment of all principal and interest that may become due on the Loan; and (b)
the issuance of the Warrant and common shares issuable upon the exercise of the
Warrant. No action, approval or consent by, or notice to or filing with, any
federal, state, municipal or other governmental department, commission, agency,
regulatory authority, or court is necessary to make this Credit Agreement or the
other Loan Documents the valid agreements binding upon Borrower in accordance
with their respective terms, or to consummate the transactions contemplated by
this Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
1.7.3 No Conflict. The execution and delivery of this Credit Agreement and the
other Loan Documents, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Credit
Agreement and the other Loan Documents, do not and will not (a) violate any provisions of (i) any
rule, regulation, statute, or law, or (ii) the terms of any order, writ or decree of any court or
judicial or regulatory authority or body, or (iii) the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of
Borrower, and (b) conflict with or result in a breach of any condition or provision or constitute
a default under or pursuant to the terms of any contract, mortgage, lien, lease, agreement,
debenture or instrument to which Borrower or any Subsidiary is a party, or which is or purports
to be binding upon Borrower, any Subsidiary, or upon any of their respective properties, and (c)
result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the assets or
properties of Borrower or any Subsidiary.
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1.7.4 Warrant and Warrant Shares. The Warrant, when issued pursuant to this
Credit Agreement, will be a duly authorized, valid, and binding obligation of Borrower,
enforceable in accordance with its terms. When issued and sold upon the exercise of the Warrant
in accordance with its terms, the common shares of the Borrower will be validly issued and
outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable.
1.7.5 Accuracy of Information. Borrower has delivered to Lender a copy of
Borrowers financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2000, as will be included in
its Form 10-K for such fiscal year, its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999, and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter and nine months
ended September 30, 2000, and Form 8-K (the Disclosure Documents). The financial
statements contained in the Disclosure Documents were prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, and accurately reflect the financial condition
and results of operations of Borrower at and as of the dates reported. All financial information
and other information contained in the Disclosure Documents was true and correct in all material
respects when such reports were filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
Exchange Act), and in the case of the financial statements for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2000, is true and correct in all material respects on the date of this Credit Agreement, except
for changes arising from operations in the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2000.
1.7.6 Taxes. Borrower has filed when due all federal, state and local income tax
returns and has filed when due all other returns with respect to taxes which are required to be filed
with the Internal Revenue Service and the appropriate authorities of the jurisdictions where
business is transacted by them. All items and entries provided for or reflected in such returns are
correct and are made on a proper basis. All amounts, if any, required to be paid, as shown on
such returns, have been paid. None of such tax returns has been audited. There are no suits,
actions, claims, or investigations, inquiries or proceedings now pending against Borrower in
respect of taxes, governmental charges or assessments, nor are there any matters under discussion
with any governmental authority relating to taxes, governmental charges or assessments asserted
by any such authority.
1.7.7 Litigation. Except as disclosed in the Disclosure Documents, there are no
lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, administrative proceedings, actions or claims pending or
threatened against Borrower. No fine, penalty or other sanction has been imposed by any federal,
state, local or municipal court, judicial, administrative or regulatory body or authority against
Borrower. There is no outstanding order, writ, injunction or degree of any court, administrative
agency or governmental body or arbitration tribunal against or affecting Borrower or any of its
respective properties, assets, business or prospects.
1.8 Affirmative Covenants. During the Draw Period, and until such time as the
entire principal balance and accrued interest on the Loan, and all other amounts
payable by Borrower under this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document have
been paid in full, Borrower shall comply with the following covenants and
agreements:
1.8.1 Furnish Information. Borrower will, at Lenders request, furnish
information to Lender relating to Borrowers business and financial affairs and permit Lender to
examine Borrowers books and records.
7
1.8.2 Other Documents. Borrower will execute all other documents as Lender
may reasonably require in connection with this Credit Agreement and Note in order to perfect its
lien or security interest in any of the collateral for the loan, or otherwise to give effect to the terms
and conditions of the loan or guaranty for the loan.
1.8.3 Comply with Terms and Conditions. Borrower will comply with all terms
and conditions of all other Loan Documents.
1.8.4 Financial Reports. Borrower will file with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, when due, all quarterly reports, annual reports, current reports, and other documents
required pursuant to the Exchange Act and within 5 days of the date such reports and other
documents are so required to be filed, to mail to Lender a copy of such reports.
1.8.5 Limitation on Dividends and Other Distributions by Borrower.
Borrower shall not declare or pay any dividend or other distribution of cash, other property, or
evidences of indebtedness, on account of or with respect to any shares of capital stock.
1.8.6 Insurance. Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries, to maintain
insurance with responsible carriers against such risks and in such amounts as is customarily carried
by similar businesses with such deductible as are customarily carried by similar businesses of
similar size, including, without limitation, property and casualty loss, workers compensation and
interruption of business insurance.
1.9 Fees and Charges of Attorneys and Others. In the event that Lender
employs attorneys, accountants, appraisers, consultants, or other professional
assistance, including the services of any such person who is a direct employee
of Lender, in connection with any of the following, then, the reasonable amount
of costs, expenses, and fees incurred by Lender shall be payable on demand.
Lender may, at its option, add the amount of such costs, expenses, and
reasonable fees to the principal amount of the Loan. Lender thereafter may
charge interest on such amount at the interest rate then applicable to the
principal. Costs, expenses, and reasonable fees of professionals covered by this
provision include such charges for the following:
1.9.1 The preparation, modification, or renewal of this Credit Agreement and the
Note, or any other documentation incident to the loan transaction;
1.9.2 Any litigation, dispute, proceeding or action, whether instituted by Lender,
Borrower, or any other person, relating to the Note, including representation of Lender in any
bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization case or proceeding instituted by or against Borrower,
and any attempt by Lender to enforce any rights against Borrower;
1.9.3 In the event of any controversy, claim, or dispute relating to the Note or this
Agreement, including but not limited to any action to construe or enforce the terms of the loan
obligations, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its reasonable costs, expenses, and
reasonable attorney fees;
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1.9.4 In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings (whether state or
federal) instituted by or against Borrower or involving the Borrower or Property of the Borrower,
the Lender may recover all costs, expenses, and reasonable attorney fees incurred to protect or
defend Lenders rights under the Note, and other documents underlying the loan transactions
whether such costs, expenses, and attorney fees be contractual or bankruptcy related, including
costs, expenses, and attorney fees for meetings, sessions, matters, proceedings and litigation
involving issues solely distinct to federal bankruptcy law, rules and proceedings as well as other
federal and state litigation and proceedings;
1.9.5 The inspection, verification, protection, collection, processing, sale,
liquidation, or disposition of security given for the Note;
1.9.6 The preparation and filing of all reports required to be filed by Lender under
the Exchange Act during the term of this Credit Agreement in connection with the ownership,
acquisition, or disposition of the Warrant, common shares, or other equity securities issued by
Borrower.
1.10 Maximum Permitted Interest. No provision of this Credit Agreement or any
other Loan Document, or any transaction related thereto, shall be construed or
so operate as to require the Borrower to pay interest at a greater rate than the
maximum allowed by applicable state or federal law. Should any interest or other
charges paid or payable by the Borrower in connection with the Loan result in
the computation or earning of interest in excess of the maximum allowed by
applicable state or federal law, then any and all such excess shall be and the
same is hereby waived by Lender, and any and all such excess paid shall be
credited automatically against and in reduction of the outstanding principal
balance due of the Loan, and the portion of said excess which exceeds such
principal balance shall be paid by Lender to the Borrower.
1.11 Governing Law. This Credit Agreement shall be construed and governed in all
respects by the laws of the State of California.
1.12 Successors and Assigns. The provisions of this Credit Agreement shall
inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the respective successors,
assigns, heirs, executors and administrators of Borrower and Lender.
1.13 Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Credit Agreement and the other Loan
Documents constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement among the
parties with regard to the subject matter thereof. This Credit Agreement and any
term of this Credit Agreement may be amended, waived, discharged or terminated
only by a written instrument signed by the party to be charged.
1.14 Survival. Borrowers representations and warranties contained in
this Credit Agreement shall survive the funding of each Draw and any
investigation made by any party until the Maturity Date.
9
1.15 Notices. All notices and other communications required or permitted to be
given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given
four (4) days after being deposited in the United States mail, certified postage
prepaid, return receipt requested, or when delivered by hand, by messenger or
express air freight service, in any case addressed as follows:
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To Lender: Alfred D. Kingsley
277 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10017
FAX: (212) 350-5253
To Borrower: BioTime, Inc.
935 Pardee Street
Berkeley, California 94710
Attention: Paul Segall, Chief Executive Officer
FAX: (510) 845-7914
with a copy to:
Richard S. Soroko, Esq.
Lippenberger, Thompson, Welch, Soroko & Gilbert LLP
201 Tamal Vista, Blvd.
Corte Madera, California 94925
Any party may change its
address for the purpose of this Section 15 by giving notice to each other party
in accordance with this Section 15.
1.16 Delays and Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power,
or remedy accruing to Lender, upon any breach or default of Borrower under this
Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, shall impair any such right, power,
or remedy of Lender, nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of, or an
acquiescence in, any such breach or default or any similar breach or default
thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be
deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter
occurring. Any waiver, permit, consent, or approval of any kind or character on
the part of Lender of any breach or default by Borrower under this Credit
Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any waiver of any provisions or
conditions of this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document by Lender, must
be made in writing, and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set
forth in such writing. All remedies either under this Agreement or by law and
otherwise afforded to any party shall be cumulative and not alternative.
1.17 Rules of Construction.
1.17.1 Titles and Subtitles. The titles or headings of the Sections and paragraphs
of this Credit Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be considered in
construing this Credit Agreement.
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1.17.2 Singular; Plural. Whenever appropriate in this Agreement, terms in the
singular form shall include the plural (and vice versa) and any gender form shall include all others.
1.17.3 Section Headings. Section headings are for the convenience of the parties
and do not form a part of this Agreement.
1.17.4 Sections and Other References. References in this Agreement to sections,
paragraphs, and exhibits are references to articles, sections, and paragraphs in this Agreement and
schedules and exhibits attached to this Agreement unless specified otherwise.
1.18 Severability. If one or more provisions of this Credit Agreement are held
to be unenforceable under applicable law, each such unenforceable provision
shall be excluded from this Credit Agreement and the balance of this Credit
Agreement shall be interpreted as if each such unenforceable provision were so
excluded, and the balance of this Credit Agreement as so interpreted shall be
enforceable in accordance with its terms.
1.19 Counterparts. This Credit Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one
instrument.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date
first above written.
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BORROWER: BIOTIME, INC.
By /s/ Paul E. Segall
-------------------------------------------
Title Chief Executive Officer
-------------------------------------------
By /s/ Victoria Bellport
-------------------------------------------
Title Chief Financial Officer
-------------------------------------------
LENDER: /s/ Alfred D. Kingsley
------------------------------------------------
Alfred D. Kingsley
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EXHIBIT A
REVOLVING CREDIT NOTE
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$1,000,000 March 27, 2001
FOR
VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, BioTime, Inc., a California corporation
(Borrower) hereby promises to pay to the order of Alfred D. Kingsley
(Lender) the principal sum of ONE MILLION DOLLARS ($1,000,000) or
such lesser amount as may from time to time be outstanding as the Loan pursuant
to that certain Revolving Line of Credit Agreement, of even date, between
Borrower and Lender (the Credit Agreement), together with interest
on the unpaid balance of the Loan at the rate or rates hereinafter set forth.
This Revolving Credit Note is the Note described in the Credit Agreement. All
capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Note shall have the meanings
defined in the Credit Agreement.
1. 1.1 Terms of Payment.
1.1.1 Interest Rate. Interest shall accrue and be payable at the rate of 10% per
annum on the outstanding principal balance of the Loan. Interest shall accrue from the date of each
disbursement of principal pursuant to a Draw. Accrued interest shall be paid with principal.
Interest will be charged on that part of outstanding principal of the Loan which has not been paid
and shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and a 30-day month.
1.1.2 Payments of Principal. The outstanding principal balance of the Loan,
together with accrued interest, shall be paid in full on the Maturity Date. Maturity Date means
the earlier of (i) March 31, 2002, and (ii) such date on which Borrower shall have received an
aggregate of $2,000,000 through (A) the sale of capital stock, (B) the collection of license fees,
signing fees, milestone fees, or similar fees under Borrowers Exclusive License Agreement with
Abbott Laboratories, Exclusive License Agreement with Horus, B.V., or under any other present
or future agreement pursuant to which Borrower grants one or more licenses to use Borrowers
patents or technology, (C) funds borrowed from other lenders, or (D) any combination of sources
under clauses (A) through (C).
1.1.3 Mandatory Prepayment of Principal. In the event that Borrower receives,
in the aggregate, an amount of funds in excess of $1,000,000 but less than $2,000,000 from
sources described in clauses (A) through (C) of paragraph (b) of this Section 1, Borrower shall use
the funds in excess of $1,000,000 to prepay principal, plus accrued interest, within two business
days after such funds are received by Borrower, and the amount of principal so prepaid shall not
be available for further Draws by Borrower during the Draw Period.
1.1.4 Optional Prepayment of Principal. Borrower may prepay principal, with
accrued interest, at any time and the amount of principal so prepaid shall be available for further
Draws by Borrower during the
Draw Period to the extent that the prepayment of principal was not required
under paragraph (c) of this Section 1.
1
1.1.5 Default Interest Rate. In the event that any payment of principal or interest
is not paid within five (5) days from on the date on which the same is due and payable, such
payment shall continue as an obligation of the Borrower, and interest thereon from the due date
of such payment and interest on the entire unpaid balance of the Loan shall accrue until paid in full
at the lesser of (i) fifteen percent (15%) per annum, or (ii) the highest interest rate permitted under
applicable law (the Default Rate). From and after the Maturity Date or upon acceleration of the
Note, the entire unpaid principal balance of the Loan with all unpaid interest accrued thereon, and
any and all other fees and charges then due at such maturity, shall bear interest at the Default Rate.
1.1.6 Date of Payment. If the date on which a payment of principal or interest
on the Loan is due is a day other than a Business Day, then payment of such principal or interest
need not be made on such date but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day.
1.1.7 Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to costs of
collection, next to late charges or other sums owing Lender, next to accrued interest, and then to
principal, or in such other order or proportion as Lender, in its sole discretion, may determine.
1.1.8 Currency. All payments shall be made in United States Dollars.
1.2 Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:
1.2.1 the default of Borrower in the payment of any interest or principal due
under this Note or the Credit Agreement; 1.2.2 the failure of Borrower to
perform or observe any other term or provision of this Note, or any term,
provision, covenant, or agreement in the Credit Agreement or any other Loan
Document; 1.2.3 any act, omission, or other event that constitutes an
Event of Default under the Credit Agreement; 1.2.4 any
representation or warranty of Borrower contained in the Credit Agreement or in
any other Loan Document, or in any certificate delivered by Borrower pursuant to
the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, is false or misleading in any
material respect when made or given; 1.2.5 Borrower becoming the subject of any
order for relief in a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law (as defined below);
1.2.6 Borrower making an assignment for the benefit of creditors; 1.2.7 Borrower
applying for or consenting to the appointment of any receiver, trustee,
custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar officer for it or
for all or any part of its property or assets; 1.2.8 the appointment of any
receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar
officer for Borrower, or for all or any part of the property or assets of
Borrower, without the application or consent Borrower, if such appointment
continues undischarged or unstayed for sixty (60) calendar days; 1.2.9 Borrower
instituting or consenting to any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law with
respect to Borrower or all or any part of its property or assets, or the
institution of any similar case or proceeding without the consent of Borrower,
if such case or proceeding continues undismissed or unstayed for sixty (60)
calendar days; 1.2.10 the dissolution or liquidation of Borrower, or the
winding-up of the business or affairs of Borrower; 1.2.11 the taking of any
action by Borrower to initiate any of the actions described in clauses (f)
through (j) of this paragraph; 1.2.12 the issuance or levy of any judgment,
writ, warrant of attachment or execution or similar process
against all or any material
part of the property or assets of Borrower if such process is not released,
vacated or fully bonded within sixty (60) calendar days after its issue or levy;
or (m) any breach or default by Borrower under its Exclusive License Agreement
with Abbott Laboratories, its Exclusive License Agreement with Horus, B.V., or
under any loan agreement, promissory note, or other instrument evidencing
indebtedness payable to a third party. As used in this Note, the term
Debtor Relief Law means the Bankruptcy Code of the United States of
America, as amended, or any other applicable liquidation, conservatorship,
bankruptcy, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization,
or similar debtor relief law affecting the rights of creditors generally.
2
1.3 Remedies On Default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, at
Lenders option, all unpaid principal and accrued interest, and all other
amounts payable under this Note shall become immediately due and payable without
presentment, demand, notice of non-payment, protest, or notice of non-payment.
Lender also shall have all other rights, powers, and remedies available under
the Credit Agreement and any other Loan Document, or accorded by law or at
equity. All rights, powers, and remedies of Lender may be exercised at any time
by Lender and from time to time after the occurrence of an Event of Default. All
rights, powers, and remedies of Lender in connection with this Note and any
other Loan Document are cumulative and not exclusive and shall be in addition to
any other rights, powers, or remedies provided by law or equity.
1.4 Miscellaneous.
1.4.1 Borrower and all guarantors and endorsers of this Note severally waive (i)
presentment, demand, protest, notice of dishonor, and all other notices; (ii) any release or
discharge arising from any extension of time, discharge of a prior party, release of any or all of
the security for this Note, and (iii) any other cause of release or discharge other than actual
payment in full of all indebtedness evidenced by or arising under this Note.
1.4.2 No delay or omission of Lender to exercise any right, whether before or
after an Event of Default, shall impair any such right or shall be construed to be a waiver of any
right or default, and the acceptance of any past-due amount at any time by the Lender shall not be
deemed to be a waiver of the right to require prompt payment when due of any other amounts then
or thereafter due and payable. The Lender shall not be deemed, by any act or omission, to have
waived any of Lenders rights or remedies under this Note unless such waiver is in writing and
signed by Lender and then only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing. A waiver with
reference to one event shall not be construed as continuing or as a bar to or waiver of any right
or remedy as to a subsequent event.
1.4.3 Lender may accept, indorse, present for payment, and negotiate checks
marked payment in full or with words of similar effect without waiving Lenders right to collect
from Borrower the full amount owed by Borrower.
1.4.4 Time is of the essence under this Note. Upon any Event of Default, the
Lender may exercise all rights and remedies provided for in this Note and by law, including, but
not limited to, the right to immediate payment in full of this Note.
1.4.5 The rights and remedies of the Lender as provided in this Note, in the Credit
Agreement and in law or equity, shall be cumulative and concurrent, and may be pursued
singularly, successively, or together at the sole discretion of the Lender, and may be exercised as
often as occasion therefor shall occur; and the failure to exercise any such right or remedy shall
in no event be construed as a waiver or a release of any such right or remedy.
1.4.6 It is expressly agreed that if this Note is referred to an attorney or if suit is
brought to collect this Note or any amount due under this Note, or to enforce or protect any rights
conferred upon Lender by this Note then Borrower promises and agrees to pay on demand all
costs, including without limitation, reasonable attorneys fees, incurred by Lender in the
enforcement of Lenders rights and remedies under this Note, and such other agreements.
3
1.4.7 The terms, covenants, and conditions contained in this Note shall be binding
upon the heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns of Borrower, and each of them,
and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of
Lender.
1.4.8 This Note shall be construed under and governed by the laws of the State of
California without regard to conflicts of law.
1.4.9 No provision of this Note shall be construed or so operate as to require the
Borrower to pay interest at a greater rate than the maximum allowed by applicable state or federal
law. Should any interest or other charges paid or payable by the Borrower in connection with this
Note or the Loan result in the computation or earning of interest in excess of the maximum
allowed by applicable state or federal law, then any and all such excess shall be and the same is
hereby waived by Lender, and any and all such excess paid shall be credited automatically against
and in reduction of the outstanding principal balance due of the Loan, and the portion of said
excess which exceeds such principal balance shall be paid by Lender to the Borrower.
4
|
BORROWER: BIOTIME, INC.
By _____________________________________________
Title ___________________________________________
By _____________________________________________
Title ___________________________________________
5
EXHIBIT B
Warrant Agreement
Dated as of March 27, 2001
6
WARRANT AGREEMENT, dated as of March 27, 2001, between BioTime, Inc., a
California corporation (the Company), and Alfred D. Kingsley (the Lender).
The
Company proposes to issue a Common Share Purchase Warrant, as hereinafter
described (the Warrants), to purchase up to an aggregate of 50,000
of its Common Shares, no par value (the Common Stock) (the shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants being referred to herein as
the Warrant Shares), in connection with the Revolving Line of Credit
Agreement of even date (the Credit Agreement), between the Company
and the Lender..
In
consideration of the foregoing and for the purpose of defining the terms and
provisions of the Warrant and the respective rights and obligations thereunder
of the Company and each registered owner of the Warrant (the
Holder), the Company and the Lender hereby agree as follows:
SECTION
1. Issuance of Warrants; Term of Warrants. Concurrently with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Credit Agreement, the Company
is issuing and delivering to the Lender a Warrant to purchase 50,000 Warrant
Shares, which Warrant shall be represented by a certificate in substantially the
form of Exhibit A hereto. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, a Holder of
any of such Warrant (including any Warrants into which the Warrant may be
divided) shall have the right, which may be exercised at any time prior to 5:00
p.m., New York Time on March 26, 2006 (the Expiration Date), to
purchase from the Company the number of fully paid and nonassessable Warrant
Shares which the Holder may at the time be entitled to purchase upon exercise of
any of such Warrant.
SECTION 2. Transferability and Form of Warrant.
2.1 Registration. The Warrant shall be numbered and shall be registered on the
books of the Company (the Warrant Register) as issued. The Company and the Warrant Agent
(if appointed) shall be entitled to treat the Holder of any Warrant as the owner in fact thereof for
all purposes and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim or interest in such
Warrant on the part of any other person, and shall not be liable for any registration of transfer of
any Warrant which is registered or to be registered in the name of a fiduciary or the nominee of
a fiduciary unless made with the actual knowledge that a fiduciary or nominee is committing a
breach of trust in requesting such registration or transfer, or with such knowledge of such facts
that its participation therein amounts to bad faith. The Warrant shall initially be registered in the
name of the Lender.
2.2 Restrictions on Exercise and Transfer. The Warrant may not be exercised,
sold, pledged, hypothecated, transferred or assigned, in whole or in part, unless a registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Act), and under any applicable state
securities laws is effective therefor or, an exemption from such registration is then available. Any
exercise, sale, pledge, hypothecation, transfer, or assignment in violation of the foregoing
restriction shall be deemed
null and void and of no binding effect. The Company shall be entitled to obtain,
as a condition precedent to its issuance of any certificates representing
Warrant Shares or any other securities issuable upon any exercise of the
Warrant, a letter or other instrument from the Holder containing such covenants,
representations or warranties by such Holder as reasonably deemed necessary by
Company to effect compliance by the Company with the requirements of applicable
federal and/or state securities laws.
1
2.3 Transfer. Subject to Section 2.2, the Warrant shall be transferable only on the
Warrant Register upon delivery thereof duly endorsed by the Holder or by his duly authorized
attorney or representative, or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or
authority to transfer, which endorsement shall be guaranteed by a bank or trust company or a
broker or dealer which is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. In all
cases of transfer by an attorney, the original power of attorney, duly approved, or a copy thereof,
duly certified, shall be deposited and remain with the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if
appointed). In case of transfer by executors, administrators, guardians or other legal
representatives, duly authenticated evidence of their authority shall be produced, and may be
required to be deposited and remain with the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if appointed) in its
discretion. Upon any registration of transfer, the Company shall execute and deliver (or if
appointed, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver) a new Warrant or Warrants to the
persons entitled thereto.
2.4 Form of Warrant. The text of the Warrant and of the Purchase Form shall be
substantially as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto. The price per Warrant Share and the
number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of each Warrant are subject to adjustment upon
the occurrence of certain events, all as hereinafter provided. The Warrants shall be executed on
behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, President or one of its Vice Presidents,
under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its Secretary or Assistant Secretary. The
signature of any such officers on the Warrants may be manual or facsimile, provided, however,
that the signature of any such officers must be manual until such time as a Warrant Agent is
appointed.
Warrants bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any
time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such
individuals or any one of them shall have ceased to hold such offices prior to the delivery of such
Warrants or did not hold such offices on the date of this Agreement.
In the event that the Company shall appoint a Warrant Agent to act on its behalf in
connection with the division, transfer, exchange or exercise of Warrants, the Warrants issued after
the date of such appointment shall be dated as of the date of countersignature thereof by the
Warrant Agent upon division, exchange, substitution or transfer. Until such time as the Company
shall appoint a Warrant Agent, Warrants shall be dated as of the date of execution thereof by the
Company either upon initial issuance or upon division, exchange, substitution or transfer.
SECTION
3. Countersignature of Warrants. In the event that the Company shall
appoint a Warrant Agent to act on its behalf in connection with the division,
transfer, exchange or exercise of Warrants, the Warrants issued after the date
of such appointment shall be countersigned by the Warrant Agent (or any
successor to the Warrant Agent then acting as warrant agent) and shall not be
valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. Warrants may be countersigned,
however, by the Warrant Agent (or by its successor as warrant agent hereunder)
and may be delivered by the Warrant Agent, notwithstanding that the persons
whose manual or facsimile signatures appear thereon as proper officers of the
Company shall have ceased to be such officers at the time of such
countersignature, issuance or delivery. The Warrant Agent (if so appointed)
shall, upon written instructions of the Chairman of the Board, the President, an
Executive or Senior Vice President, the Treasurer or the Controller of the
Company, countersign, issue and deliver Warrants entitling the Holders thereof
to purchase not more than 50,000 Warrant Shares (subject to adjustment pursuant
to Section 10 hereof) and shall countersign and deliver Warrants as otherwise
provided in this Agreement.
2
SECTION
4. Exchange of Warrant Certificates. Each Warrant certificate may be
exchanged, at the option of the Holder thereof, for another Warrant certificate
or Warrant certificates in different denominations entitling the Holder or
Holders thereof to purchase a like aggregate number of Warrant Shares as the
certificate or certificates surrendered then entitle each Holder to purchase.
Any Holder desiring to exchange a Warrant certificate or certificates shall make
such request in writing delivered to the Company at its principal office (or, if
a Warrant Agent is appointed, the Warrant Agent at its principal office) and
shall surrender, properly endorsed, the certificate or certificates to be so
exchanged. Thereupon, the Company (or, if appointed, the Warrant Agent) shall
execute and deliver to the person entitled thereto a new Warrant certificate or
certificates, as the case may be, as so requested, in such name or names as such
Holder shall designate.
SECTION 5. Exercise of Warrants; Listing.
5.1 Exercise of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised upon surrender of the
certificate or certificates evidencing the Warrants to be exercised, together with the form of
election to purchase on the reverse thereof duly filled in and signed, which signature shall be
guaranteed by a bank or trust company or a broker or dealer which is a member of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., to the Company at its principal office (or if appointed, the
principal office of the Warrant Agent) and upon payment of the Warrant Price (as defined in and
determined in accordance with the provisions of Sections 9 and 10 hereof) to the Company (or if
appointed, to the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company), for the number of Warrant
Shares in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised. Payment of the aggregate Warrant
Price (defined in Section 9 herein) shall be made in cash or by certified or bank cashiers check.
3
Subject
to Section 6 hereof, upon the surrender of the Warrant and payment of the
Warrant Price as aforesaid, the Company (or if appointed, the Warrant Agent)
shall cause to be issued and delivered with all reasonable dispatch to or upon
the written order of the Holder and in such name or names as the Holder may
designate, a certificate or certificates for the number of full Warrant Shares
so purchased upon the exercise of such Warrant, together with cash, as provided
in Section 11 hereof, in respect of any fractional Warrant Shares otherwise
issuable upon such surrender. Such certificate or certificates shall be deemed
to have been issued and any person so designated to be named therein shall be
deemed to have become a holder of record of such Warrant Shares as of the date
of the surrender of such Warrants and payment of the Warrant Price, as
aforesaid. The rights of purchase represented by the Warrant shall be
exercisable, at the election of the Holder thereof, either in full or from time
to time in part and, in the event that a certificate evidencing the Warrant is
exercised in respect of less than all of the Warrant Shares purchasable on such
exercise at any time prior to the date of expiration of the Warrant, a new
certificate evidencing the unexercised portion of the Warrant will be issued,
and the Warrant Agent (if so appointed) is hereby irrevocably authorized to
countersign and to deliver the required new Warrant certificate or certificates
pursuant to the provisions of this Section and Section 3 hereof, and the
Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent (if appointed), will supply the
Warrant Agent with Warrant certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company
for such purpose.
5.2 Listing of Shares on Securities Exchange; Exchange Act Registration. The
Company will promptly use its best efforts to cause the Warrant Shares to be listed, subject to
official notice of issuance, on all national securities exchanges on which the Common Stock is
listed and whose rules and regulations require such listing, as soon as possible following the date
hereof.
The Company will promptly notify the Holders in the event that the Company plans
to register the Warrants with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act).
SECTION
6. Payment of Taxes. The Company will pay all documentary stamp taxes, if
any, attributable to the initial issuance of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of
Warrants; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any
tax or taxes which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the
issue or delivery of any Warrant or certificates for Warrant Shares in a name
other than that of the registered Holder of such Warrants.
SECTION
7. Mutilated or Missing Warrants. In case any of the certificates
evidencing the Warrants shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the
Company may in its discretion issue and deliver (and, if appointed, the Warrant
Agent shall countersign and deliver) in exchange and substitution for and upon
cancellation of the mutilated Warrant certificate, or in lieu of and
substitution for the Warrant certificate lost, stolen or destroyed, a new
Warrant certificate of like tenor, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably
satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent (if so appointed) of such
loss, theft or destruction of such Warrant and an indemnity or bond, if
requested, also reasonably satisfactory to them. An applicant for such a
substitute
Warrant certificate shall
also comply with such other reasonable regulations and pay such other reasonable
charges as the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if so appointed) may prescribe.
4
SECTION 8. Reservation of Warrant Shares; Purchase and Cancellation of Warrants.
8.1 Reservation of Warrant Shares. There have been reserved, and the Company
shall at all times keep reserved, out of its authorized Common Stock, a number of shares of
Common Stock sufficient to provide for the exercise of the rights of purchase represented by the
outstanding Warrants and any additional Warrants issuable hereunder. The Transfer Agent for
the Common Stock and every subsequent transfer agent for any shares of the Companys capital
stock issuable upon the exercise of any of the rights of purchase aforesaid will be irrevocably
authorized and directed at all times to reserve such number of authorized shares as shall be
required for such purpose. The Company will keep a copy of this Agreement on file with the
Transfer Agent for the Common Stock and with every subsequent transfer agent for any shares
of the Companys capital stock issuable upon the exercise of the rights of purchase represented by
the Warrants. The Warrant Agent, if appointed, will be irrevocably authorized to requisition from
time to time from such Transfer Agent the stock certificates required to honor outstanding
Warrants upon exercise thereof in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Company
will supply such Transfer Agent with duly executed stock certificates for such purposes and will
provide or otherwise make available any cash which may be payable as provided in Section 11
hereof. The Company will furnish such Transfer Agent a copy of all notices of adjustments and
certificates related thereto, transmitted to each Holder pursuant to subsection 10.3 hereof.
8.2 Purchase of Warrants by the Company. The Company shall have the right,
except as limited by law, other agreements or herein, with the consent of the Holder, to purchase
or otherwise acquire Warrants at such times, in such manner and for such consideration as it may
deem appropriate.
8.3 Cancellation of Warrants. In the event the Company shall purchase or
otherwise acquire Warrants, the same shall thereupon be cancelled and retired. The Warrant
Agent (if so appointed) shall cancel any Warrant surrendered for exchange, substitution, transfer
or exercise in whole or in part.
SECTION
9. Warrant Price. Subject to any adjustments required by Section 10
hereof, the price per share at which Warrant Shares shall be purchasable upon
exercise of a Warrant (as to any particular Warrant, the Warrant
Price) shall be Eight Dollars and Thirty-One Cents ($8.31) per share.
SECTION
10. Adjustment of Warrant Price and Number of Warrant Shares. The number
and kind of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant and the
Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time upon the
happening of certain events, as hereinafter defined.
10.1 Adjustments. The number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise
of each Warrant and the Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment as follows:
10.1.1 In the event that the Company shall (i) pay a dividend in shares of
Common Stock or make a
distribution in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide its outstanding shares of
Common Stock, (iii) combine its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
smaller number of shares of Common Stock or (iv) reclassify or change (including
a change to the right to receive, or a change into, as the case may be (other
than with respect to a merger or consolidation pursuant to the exercise of
appraisal rights), shares of stock, other securities, property, cash or any
combination thereof) its Common Stock (including
5
any such reclassification or
change in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the
surviving corporation), the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon exercise
of each Warrant immediately prior thereto shall be adjusted so that the Holder
of each Warrant shall be entitled to receive the kind and number of Warrant
Shares or other securities of the Company or other property which he would have
owned or have been entitled to receive after the happening of any of the events
described above, had such Warrant been exercised immediately prior to the
happening of such event or any record date with respect thereto. An adjustment
made pursuant to this paragraph (a) shall become effective immediately after the
effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such
event.
10.1.2 In case the Company shall issue rights, options or warrants to all
holders of its outstanding
Common Stock, without any charge to such holders, entitling them to subscribe
for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share which is lower at
the record date mentioned below than the then current market price per share of
Common Stock (as defined in paragraph (d) below), the number of Warrant Shares
thereafter purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall be determined by
multiplying the number of Warrant Shares theretofore purchasable upon exercise
of each Warrant by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights,
options or warrants plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered
for subscription or purchase in connection with such rights, options or
warrants, and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights, options or warrants
plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number
of shares of Common Stock so offered would purchase at the current market price
per share of Common Stock at such record date. Such adjustment shall be made
whenever such rights, options or warrants are issued, and shall become effective
immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled
to receive such rights, options or warrants.
10.1.3 In case the Company shall distribute to all holders of its shares of
Common Stock, (including
any distribution made in connection with a merger in which the Company is the
surviving corporation), evidences of its indebtedness or assets (excluding cash,
dividends or distributions payable out of consolidated earnings or earned
surplus and dividends or distributions referred to in paragraph (a) above) or
rights, options or warrants, or convertible or exchangeable securities
containing the right to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock
(excluding those referred to in paragraph (b) above), then in each case the
number of Warrant Shares thereafter purchasable upon the exercise of each
Warrant shall be determined by multiplying the number of Warrant Shares
theretofore purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant by a fraction, of
which the numerator shall be the then current market price per share of Common
Stock (as defined in paragraph (d) below) on the date of such distribution, and
of which the denominator shall be the then current market price per share of
Common Stock, less the then fair value (as determined by the Board of Directors
of the Company or, in the case of Warrants held by the Lender, an independent
investment banker which shall be mutually agreeable to the parties, whose
determination, in each case, shall be conclusive) of the portion of the assets
or evidences of indebtedness so distributed or of such subscription rights,
options or warrants, or of such convertible or exchangeable securities
applicable to one share of Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever
any such distribution is made, and shall become effective on the date of
distribution retroactive to the record date for the determination of
shareholders entitled to receive such distribution.
6
10.1.4 For the purpose of any computation under paragraphs (b) and (c) of
this Section, the current
market price per share of Common Stock at any date shall be the average of the
daily last sale prices for the 20 consecutive trading days ending one trading
day prior to the date of such computation. The closing price for each day shall
be the last reported sales price regular way or, in case no such reported sale
takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices regular
way for such day, in each case on the principal national securities exchange on
which the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if not so
listed or admitted to trading, the last sale price of the Common Stock on the
Nasdaq Stock Market or any comparable system. If the current market price of the
Common Stock cannot be so determined, the Board of Directors of the Company
shall reasonably determine the current market price on the basis of such
quotations as are available.
10.1.5 No adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable
hereunder shall be required
unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one
percent (1%) in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of
each Warrant; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this
paragraph (e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken
into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations shall be made with
respect to the number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder, to the nearest
tenth of a share and with respect to the Warrant Price payable hereunder, to the
nearest whole cent.
10.1.6 Whenever the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the
exercise of each Warrant is
adjusted, as herein provided, the Warrant Price payable upon exercise of each
Warrant shall be adjusted by multiplying such Warrant Price immediately prior to
such adjustment by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of
Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant immediately prior
to such adjustment, and of which the denominator shall be the number of Warrant
Shares purchasable immediately thereafter.
10.1.7 No adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon
the exercise of each
Warrant need be made under paragraphs (b) and (c) if the Company issues or
distributes to each Holder of Warrants the rights options, warrants, or
convertible or exchangeable securities, or evidences of indebtedness or assets
referred to in those paragraphs which each Holder of Warrants would have been
entitled to receive had the Warrants been exercised prior to the happening of
such event or the record date with respect thereto. No adjustment need be made
for a change in the par value of the Warrant Shares.
10.1.8 For the purpose of this subsection 10.1, the term shares of Common
Stock shall mean (i)
the class of stock designated as the Common Stock of the Company at the date of
this Agreement, or (ii) any other class of stock resulting from successive
changes or reclassifications of such shares consisting solely of changes in par
value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value. In
the event that at any time, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to
paragraph (a) above, the Holders shall become entitled to purchase any
securities of the Company other than shares of Common Stock, thereafter the
number of such other shares so purchasable upon exercise of each Warrant and the
Warrant Price of such shares shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in
a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with
respect to the Warrant Shares contained in paragraphs (a) through (i),
inclusive, and the provisions of Section 5 and subsections 10.2 through 10.5,
inclusive, with respect to the Warrant Shares, shall apply on like terms to any
such other securities.
7
10.1.9 Upon the expiration of any rights, options, warrants or conversion
or exchange privileges, if
any thereof shall not have been exercised, the Warrant Price and the number of
Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall, upon such
expiration, be readjusted and shall thereafter be such as it would have been had
it been originally adjusted (or had the original adjustment not been required,
as the case may be) as if (A) the only shares of Common Stock so issued were the
shares of Common Stock, if any, actually issued or sold upon the exercise of
such rights, options, warrants or conversion or exchange rights and (B) such
shares of Common Stock, if any, were issued or sold for the consideration
actually received by the Company upon such exercise plus the aggregate
consideration, if any, actually received by the Company for the issuance, sale
or grant of all such rights, options, warrants or conversion or exchange rights
whether or not exercised.
10.2 Voluntary Adjustment by the Company. The Company may at its option, at
any time during the term of the Warrants, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount
deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors of the Company.
10.3 Notice of Adjustment. Whenever the number of Warrant Shares purchasable
upon the exercise of each Warrant or the Warrant Price of such Warrant Shares is adjusted, as
herein provided, the Company shall, or in the event that a Warrant Agent is appointed, the
Company shall cause the Warrant Agent promptly to, mail by first class, postage prepaid, to each
Holder notice of such adjustment or adjustments. Such notice shall set forth the number of
Warrant Shares purchasable
upon the exercise of each Warrant and the Warrant Price of such Warrant Shares
after such adjustment, setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring
such adjustment and setting forth the computation by which such adjustment was
made.
10.4 No Adjustment for Dividends. Except as provided in subsection 10.1, no
adjustment in respect of any dividends shall be made during the term of a Warrant or upon the
exercise of a Warrant.
10.5 Preservation of Purchase Rights Upon Merger, Consolidation, etc. In case
of any consolidation of the Company with or merger of the Company into another corporation or
in case of any sale, transfer or lease to another corporation of all or substantially all the property
of the Company, the Company or such successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be,
shall execute an agreement that each Holder shall have the right thereafter, upon such Holders
election, either (i) upon payment of the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such action,
to purchase upon exercise of each Warrant the kind and amount of shares and other securities and
property (including cash) which he would have owned or have been entitled to receive after the
happening of such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease had such Warrant been exercised
immediately prior to such action (such shares and other securities and property (including cash)
being referred to as the Sale Consideration) or (ii) to receive, in cancellation of such Warrant
(and in lieu of paying the Warrant price and exercising such Warrant), the Sale Consideration less
a portion thereof having a fair market value (as reasonably determined by the Company) equal to
the Warrant Price (it being understood that, if the Sale Consideration consists of more than one
type of shares, other securities or property, the amount of each type of shares, other securities or
property to be received
8
shall be reduced proportionately); provided, however, that no adjustment
in respect of dividends, interest or other income on or from such shares or other securities and
property shall be made during the term of a Warrant or upon the exercise of a Warrant. The
Company shall mail by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder, notice of the execution
of any such agreement. Such agreement shall provide for adjustments, which shall be as nearly
equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 10. The
provisions of this subsection 10.5 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers,
sales, transfers or leases. The Warrant Agent (if appointed) shall be under no duty or
responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any such agreement
relating to the kind or amount of shares of stock or other securities or property receivable upon
exercise of Warrants or with respect to the method employed and provided therein for any
adjustments and shall be entitled to rely upon the provisions contained in any such agreement.
10.6 Statement on Warrants. Irrespective of any adjustments in the Warrant Price
or the number or kind of shares purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants, Warrants issued
before or after such adjustment may continue to express the same price and number and kind of
shares as are stated in the Warrants initially issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
SECTION 11. Fractional Interests. The Company shall not be required to issue fractional
Warrant Shares on the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be presented for
exercise in full at the
same time by the same Holder, the number of full Warrant Shares which shall be
issuable upon the exercise thereof shall be computed on the basis of the
aggregate number of Warrant Shares purchasable on exercise of the Warrants so
presented. If any fraction of a Warrant Share would, except for the provisions
of this Section 11, be issuable on the exercise of any Warrant (or specified
portion thereof), the Company shall pay an amount in cash equal to the average
of the daily closing sale prices (determined in accordance with paragraph (d) of
subsection 10.1) per share of Common Stock for the 20 consecutive trading days
ending one trading day prior to the date the Warrant is presented for exercise,
multiplied by such fraction.
SECTION
12. No Rights as Shareholders; Notices to Holders. Nothing contained in
this Agreement or in any of the Warrants shall be construed as conferring upon
the Holders or their transferees the right to vote or to receive dividends or to
consent or to receive notice as shareholders in respect of any meeting of
shareholders for the election of directors of the Company or any other matter,
or any rights whatsoever as shareholders of the Company. If, however, at any
time prior to the expiration of the Warrants and prior to their exercise, any of
the following events shall occur:
12.1.1 the Company shall declare any dividend payable in any securities upon its
shares of Common Stock or make any distribution (other than a regular cash dividend, as such
dividend may be increased from time to time, or a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock)
to the holders of its shares of Common Stock; or
12.1.2 the Company shall offer to the holders of its shares of Common Stock on
a pro rata basis any cash, additional shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company
or any right to subscribe for or purchase any thereof; or
9
12.1.3 a dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company (other than
in connection with a consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of its
property, assets, and business as an entirety) shall be proposed,
then in any one or more of
said events the Company shall (a) give notice in writing of such event as
provided in Section 14 hereof and (b) if the Warrants have been registered
pursuant to the Act, cause notice of such event to be published once in The Wall
Street Journal (national edition), such giving of notice and publication to be
completed at least 10 days prior to the date fixed as a record date or the date
of closing the transfer books for the determination of the stockholders entitled
to such dividend, distribution, or subscription rights or for the determination
of stockholders entitled to vote on such proposed dissolution, liquidation or
winding up or the date of expiration of such offer. Such notice shall specify
such record date or the date of closing the transfer books or the date of
expiration, as the case may be. Failure to publish, mail or receive such notice
or any defect therein or in the publication or mailing thereof shall not affect
the validity of any action in connection with such dividend, distribution or
subscription rights, or such proposed dissolution, liquidation or winding up, or
such offer.
SECTION
13. Appointment of Warrant Agent. At such time as the Company shall
register Warrants under the Act, the Company shall appoint a Warrant Agent to
act on behalf of the Company in connection with the issuance, division, transfer
and exercise of Warrants. At such time as the Company appoints a Warrant Agent,
the Company shall enter into a new Warrant Agreement with the Warrant Agent
pursuant to which all new Warrants will be issued upon registration of transfer
or division, which will reflect the appointment of the Warrant Agent, as well as
additional customary provisions as shall be reasonably requested by the Warrant
Agent in connection with the performance of its duties. In the event that a
Warrant Agent is appointed, the Company shall (i) promptly notify the Holders of
such appointment and the place designated for transfer, exchange and exercise of
the Warrants, and (ii) take such steps as are necessary to insure that Warrants
issued prior to such appointment may be exchanged for Warrants countersigned by
the Warrant Agent.
SECTION
14. Notices; Principal Office. Any notice pursuant to this Agreement by
the Company or by any Holder to the Warrant Agent (if so appointed), or by the
Warrant Agent (if so appointed) or by any Holder to the Company, shall be in
writing and shall be delivered in person, or mailed first class, postage prepaid
(a) to the Company, at its office, Attention: President or (b) to the Warrant
Agent, at its offices as designated at the time the Warrant Agent is appointed.
The address of the principal office of the Company is 935 Pardee Street,
Berkeley, California 94710. Each party hereto may from time to time change the
address to which notices to it are to be delivered or mailed hereunder by notice
to the other party.
Any notice mailed pursuant to this Agreement by the Company or the Warrant
Agent to the Holders shall be in writing and shall be mailed first class, postage prepaid, or
otherwise delivered, to such Holders at their respective addresses on the books of the Company
or the Warrant Agent, as the case may be.
SECTION
15. Successors. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, all
the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the
Company and the Lender shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective
successors and permitted assigns hereunder.
10
SECTION
16. Merger or Consolidation of the Company. The Company will not merge or
consolidate with or into, or sell, transfer or lease all or substantially all of
its property to, any other corporation unless the successor or purchasing
corporation, as the case may be (if not the Company), shall expressly assume, by
supplemental agreement, the due and punctual performance and observance of each
and every covenant and condition of this Agreement to be performed and observed
by the Company.
SECTION 17. Investment Representations. Lender represents and warrants to BioTime
that:
17.1.1 Lender has received and read the Companys financial statements for the
year ended on December 31, 2000, as will be included in its Form 10-K for such fiscal year, its
annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, and quarterly report
on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2000, and Form 8-K
(the Disclosure Documents). Lender is relying on the information provided in the Disclosure
Documents or otherwise communicated to Lender in writing by the Company. Lender has not
relied on any statement or representations inconsistent with those contained in the Disclosure
Documents. Lender has had a reasonable opportunity to ask questions of and receive answers
from the executive officers and directors of the Company, or one or more of its officers,
concerning the Company and to obtain additional information, to the extent possessed or
obtainable without unreasonable effort or expense, necessary to verify the information in the
Disclosure Documents. All such questions have been answered to Lenders satisfaction;
17.1.2 Lender understands that the Warrant and the Warrant Shares are being
offered and sold without registration under the Act or qualification under the California Corporate
Securities Law of 1968, or under the laws of other states, in reliance upon the exemptions from
such registration and qualification requirements for non-public offerings. Lender acknowledges
and understands that the availability of the aforesaid exemptions depends in part upon the accuracy
of certain of the representations, declarations and warranties contained herein, which Lender
hereby makes with the intent that they may be relied upon by the Company and its officers and
directors in determining Lenders suitability to acquire the Warrant. Lender understands and
acknowledges that no federal, state or other agency has reviewed or endorsed the offering of the
Warrant or the Warrant Shares or made any finding or determination as to the fairness of the
offering or completeness of the information in the Disclosure Documents;
17.1.3 Lender understands that the Warrant and the Warrant Shares may not be
offered, sold, or transferred in any manner, and the Warrant may not be exercised, unless
subsequently registered under the Act, or unless there is an exemption from such registration
available for such offer, sale or transfer;
17.1.4 Lender has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters
to enable Lender to utilize the information contained in the Disclosure Documents, or otherwise
made available to Lender to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the Warrant and the
Warrant Shares and to make an informed investment decision with respect thereto.
17.1.5 Lender is acquiring the Warrant solely for Lenders own account and for
long-term investment purposes, and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any
distribution of the Warrant or Warrant Shares; and
11
17.1.6 Lender is an accredited investor, as such term is defined in Regulation D
promulgated under the Act.
SECTION 18. Registration Rights.
18.1.1 The Company agrees, at its expense, upon written request from the Lender,
to register under the Act, the Warrant and the Warrant Shares and to take such other actions as
may be necessary to allow the Warrant and the Warrant Shares to be freely tradable, without
restrictions, in compliance with all regulatory requirements. A written request for registration
shall specify the quantity of the Warrant Shares intended to be sold, the plan of distribution and
the identity of the sellers, which may include the Lender and assignees of its rights hereunder
(collectively, Selling Securities Holders), and whether the registration shall be pursuant to an
underwritten public offering or a shelf registration pursuant to Rule 415 (or similar rule that may
be adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission). The Company shall not be obligated
to file more than two such registration statements, other than registration statements on Form S-3.
The Company shall keep such registration statements effective for a period of at least nine months,
except that registration statements on Form S-3 shall be kept effective for at least three years ( or
such lesser period as the parties may agree, but in no event beyond the completion of the
distribution or distributions being made pursuant thereto). The Company shall utilize Form S-3
if it qualifies for such use. The Company shall make all filings required with respect to the
registration statements and will use its best efforts to cause such filings to become effective, so that
the Warrant and Warrant Shares being registered shall be registered or qualified for sale under the
securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably appropriate for distribution
of the Warrant and Warrant Shares covered by the registration statement. The Company will
furnish to the Selling Securities Holders such numbers of copies of a prospectus, including a
preliminary prospectus, in conformity with the requirements of the Act and such other related
documents as the Selling Securities Holders may reasonably request in order to effect the sale of
the Warrant and Warrant Shares. To effect any offering pursuant to a registration statement under
this Section, the Company shall enter into an agreement containing customary representations and
warranties, and indemnification and contribution provisions, all for the benefit of Selling Securities
Holders, and, in the case of an Underwritten public offering. an underwriting agreement with an
investment banking firm selected by the Lender and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
containing such customary representations and warranties, and indemnification and contribution
provisions.
18.1.2 If, at any time, the Company proposes to register any of its securities under
the Act (otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 18(a) above or on a Form S-8 if such form cannot
be used for registration of the Warrant or Warrant Shares pursuant to its terms), the Company
shall, as promptly as practicable, give written notice to the Lender. The Company shall include
in such registration statement the Warrant and any Warrant Shares proposed to be sold by the
Selling Securities Holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the offering of the Companys
securities is to be made through underwriters, the Company shall not be required to include the
Warrant and Warrant Shares if and to the extent that the managing underwriter reasonably believes
in good faith that such
inclusion would materially adversely affect such offering unless the Selling
Securities Holders agree to postpone their sales until 10 days after the
distribution is completed.
12
18.1.3 The Company shall pay the cost of the registration statements filed pursuant
to this Agreement, including without limitation all registration and filing fees, fees and expenses
of compliance with securities or blue sky laws (including counsels fees and expenses in
connection therewith), printing expenses, messenger and delivery expenses, internal expenses of
the Company, listing fees and expenses, and fees and expenses of the Companys counsel,
independent accountants and other persons retained or employed by the Company. Selling
Securities Holders shall pay any underwriters discounts applicable to the Warrant and Warrant
Shares.
SECTION
19. Legends. The Warrants and Warrant Shares issued pursuant to this
Agreement shall bear an appropriate legend, conspicuously disclosing the
restrictions on exercise and transfer under Section 2.2 of this Agreement until
the same are registered for sale under the Act. The Company agrees that upon the
sale of the Warrant and Warrant Shares pursuant to a registration statement or
an exemption, upon the presentation of the certificates containing such a legend
to its transfer agent, it will remove such legend. The Company further
agrees to remove the legend at such time as registration under the Act shall no
longer be required.
SECTION
20. Applicable Law. This Agreement and each Warrant issued hereunder
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
California, without giving effect to principles of conflict of laws.
SECTION
21. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be
construed to give to any person or corporation other than the Company, the
Warrant Agent (if appointed) and the Holders any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole
and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Warrant Agent and the Holders of the
Warrants.
SECTION
22. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to
be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and
the same instrument.
SECTION 23. Captions. The captions of the Sections and subsections of this Agreement
have been inserted for convenience only and shall have no substantive effect.
13
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly
executed, all as of the day and year first above written.
BIOTIME, INC.
By:
Name: Paul Segall, Ph.D
Title: Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer
Attest:
By:
Name: Judith Segall
Title: Secretary
Alfred D.
Kingsley
14
EXHIBIT A
THIS WARRANT HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
THIS WARRANT MAY NOT BE EXERCISED, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED,
TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED EXCEPT UNDER AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER SUCH ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS,
UNLESS AN EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION IS AVAILABLE.
VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M. NEW YORK TIME, March 26, 2006
|
Certificate No.____ Warrant to Purchase
[Insert number of Shares]
-------------------------
Shares of Common Stock
BIOTIME, INC.
COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS
This
certifies that, for value received, [Insert name of Holder] or registered
assigns (the Holder), is entitled to purchase from BioTime, Inc. a
California corporation (the Company), at a purchase price per share
[Insert Warrant Price determined pursuant to Sections 9 and 10 of the Warrant
Agreement] (the Warrant Price), the number of its Common Shares, no
par value per share (the Common Stock), shown above. The number of
shares purchasable upon exercise of the Common Share Purchase Warrants (the
Warrants) and the Warrant Price are subject to adjustment from time
to time as set forth in the Warrant Agreement referred to below. Outstanding
Warrants not exercised prior to 5:00 p.m., New York time, on March 26, 2006
shall thereafter be void.
Subject
to restriction specified in the Warrant Agreement, Warrants may be exercised in
whole or in part by presentation of this Warrant Certificate with the Purchase
Form on the reverse side hereof duly executed, which signature shall be
guaranteed by a bank or trust company or a broker or dealer which is a member of
the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and simultaneous payment
of the Warrant Price (or as otherwise set forth in Section 10.5) of the Warrant
Agreement at the principal office of the Company (or if a Warrant Agent is
appointed, at the principal office of the Warrant Agent). Payment of such price
shall be made in cash or by certified or bank cashiers check. As provided
in the Warrant Agreement, the Warrant Price and the number or kind of shares
which may be purchased upon the exercise of the Warrant evidenced by this
Warrant Certificate are, upon the happening of certain events, subject to
modification and adjustment.
15
This
Warrant Certificate is issued under and in accordance with a Warrant Agreement
dated as of March 27, 2001 between the Company and Alfred D. Kingsley and is
subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all
of which the Holder of this Warrant Certificate by acceptance of this Warrant
Certificate consents. A copy of the Warrant Agreement may be obtained by the
Holder hereof upon written request to the Company. In the event that pursuant to
Section 13 of the Warrant Agreement a Warrant Agent is appointed and a new
warrant agreement entered into between the Company and such Warrant Agent, then
such new warrant agreement shall constitute the Warrant Agreement for purposes
hereof and this Warrant Certificate shall be deemed to have been issued pursuant
to such new warrant agreement.
Upon
any partial exercise of the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there
shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate in respect of the
shares of Common Stock as to which the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant
Certificate shall not have been exercised. This Warrant Certificate may be
exchanged at the office of the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if appointed) by
surrender of this Warrant Certificate properly endorsed either separately or in
combination with one or more other Warrant Certificates for one or more new
Warrant Certificates evidencing the right of the Holder thereof to purchase the
aggregate number of shares as were purchasable on exercise of the Warrants
evidenced by the Warrant Certificate or Certificates exchanged. No fractional
shares will be issued upon the exercise of any Warrant, but the Company will pay
the cash value thereof determined as provided in the Warrant Agreement. This
Warrant Certificate is transferable at the office of the Company (or the Warrant
Agent, if appointed) in the manner and subject to the limitations set forth in
the Warrant Agreement.
The
Holder hereof may be treated by the Company, the Warrant Agent (if appointed)
and all other persons dealing with this Warrant Certificate as the absolute
owner hereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights
represented hereby, or to the transfer hereof on the books of the Company, any
notice to the contrary notwithstanding, and until such transfer on such books,
the Company (and the Warrant Agent, if appointed) may treat the Holder hereof as
the owner for all purposes.
Neither the Warrant nor this Warrant Certificate entitles any Holder to any of the rights
of a stockholder of the Company.
[This
Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it
shall have been countersigned by the Warrant Agent.]*
16
|
DATED:
BIOTIME, INC.
(Seal) By:________________________
Title:_____________________
Attest:____________________
[COUNTERSIGNED:
,
WARRANT AGENT
By:_________________________]*
Authorized Signature
- --------------------
* To be part of the Warrant only after the appointment of a Warrant Agent pursuant to
Section 13 of the Warrant Agreement.
17
PURCHASE FORM
(To be executed upon exercise of Warrant)
To BioTime, Inc.:
The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right of purchase represented by the
within Warrant Certificate for, and to purchase thereunder, shares of Common Stock, as
provided for therein, and tenders herewith payment of the purchase price in full in the form of cash
or a certified or bank cashiers check in the amount of $ .
Please issue a certificate or certificates for such shares of Common Stock in the name of, and
pay any cash for any fractional share to:
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PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY NAME
OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER (Please Print Name & Address)
OF ASSIGNEE
Address ___________________________
Signature ___________________________
NOTE: The above signature should correspond
exactly with the name on the face of
this Warrant Certificate or with the
name of the assignee appearing in the
assignment form below.
And, if said number of shares shall not be all the shares purchasable under the within Warrant
Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate is to be issued in the name of said undersigned for the balance
remaining of the share purchasable thereunder less any fraction of a share paid in cash.
18
ASSIGNMENT
(To be executed only upon assignment of Warrant Certificate)
For value received,
hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto
the within Warrant Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and does hereby
irrevocably constitute and appoint attorney, to transfer said Warrant Certificate
on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution in the premises.
|
Dated:___________________ ________________________________
NOTE: The above signature should correspond
exactly with the name on the face of
this Warrant Certificate.
19
Warrant Agreement
Warrant Agreement
Dated as of March 27, 2001
WARRANT AGREEMENT, dated as of March 27, 2001, between BioTime, Inc., a
California corporation (the Company), and Alfred D. Kingsley (the Lender).
The
Company proposes to issue a Common Share Purchase Warrant, as hereinafter
described (the Warrants), to purchase up to an aggregate of 50,000
of its Common Shares, no par value (the Common Stock) (the shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants being referred to herein as
the Warrant Shares), in connection with the Revolving Line of Credit
Agreement of even date (the Credit Agreement), between the Company
and the Lender..
In
consideration of the foregoing and for the purpose of defining the terms and
provisions of the Warrant and the respective rights and obligations thereunder
of the Company and each registered owner of the Warrant (the
Holder), the Company and the Lender hereby agree as follows:
SECTION
1. Issuance of Warrants; Term of Warrants. Concurrently with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Credit Agreement, the Company
is issuing and delivering to the Lender a Warrant to purchase 50,000 Warrant
Shares, which Warrant shall be represented by a certificate in substantially the
form of Exhibit A hereto. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, a Holder of
any of such Warrant (including any Warrants into which the Warrant may be
divided) shall have the right, which may be exercised at any time prior to 5:00
p.m., New York Time on March 26, 2006 (the Expiration Date), to
purchase from the Company the number of fully paid and nonassessable Warrant
Shares which the Holder may at the time be entitled to purchase upon exercise of
any of such Warrant.
SECTION 2. Transferability and Form of Warrant.
2.1 Registration. The Warrant shall be numbered and shall be registered on the
books of the Company (the Warrant Register) as issued. The Company and the Warrant Agent
(if appointed) shall be entitled to treat the Holder of any Warrant as the owner in fact thereof for
all purposes and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim or interest in such
Warrant on the part of any other person, and shall not be liable for any registration of transfer of
any Warrant which is registered or to be registered in the name of a fiduciary or the nominee of
a fiduciary unless made with the actual knowledge that a fiduciary or nominee is committing a
breach of trust in requesting such registration or transfer, or with such knowledge of such facts
that its participation therein amounts to bad faith. The Warrant shall initially be registered in the
name of the Lender.
2.2 Restrictions on Exercise and Transfer. The Warrant may not be exercised,
sold, pledged, hypothecated, transferred or assigned, in whole or in part, unless a registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
1
Act), and under any applicable
state securities laws is effective therefor or, an exemption from such registration is then
available. Any exercise, sale, pledge, hypothecation, transfer, or assignment in violation of the
foregoing restriction shall
be deemed null and void and of no binding effect. The Company shall be entitled
to obtain, as a condition precedent to its issuance of any certificates
representing Warrant Shares or any other securities issuable upon any exercise
of the Warrant, a letter or other instrument from the Holder containing such
covenants, representations or warranties by such Holder as reasonably deemed
necessary by Company to effect compliance by the Company with the requirements
of applicable federal and/or state securities laws.
2.3 Transfer. Subject to Section 2.2, the Warrant shall be transferable only on
the Warrant Register upon delivery thereof duly endorsed by the Holder or by his duly
authorized attorney or representative, or accompanied by proper evidence of succession,
assignment or authority to transfer, which endorsement shall be guaranteed by a bank or trust
company or a broker or dealer which is a member of the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. In all cases of transfer by an attorney, the original power of attorney, duly
approved, or a copy thereof, duly certified, shall be deposited and remain with the Company (or
the Warrant Agent, if appointed). In case of transfer by executors, administrators, guardians or
other legal representatives, duly authenticated evidence of their authority shall be produced, and
may be required to be deposited and remain with the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if
appointed) in its discretion. Upon any registration of transfer, the Company shall execute and
deliver (or if appointed, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver) a new Warrant or
Warrants to the persons entitled thereto.
2.4 Form of Warrant. The text of the Warrant and of the Purchase Form shall be
substantially as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto. The price per Warrant Share and the
number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of each Warrant are subject to adjustment upon
the occurrence of certain events, all as hereinafter provided. The Warrants shall be executed on
behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, President or one of its Vice Presidents,
under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its Secretary or Assistant Secretary. The
signature of any such officers on the Warrants may be manual or facsimile, provided, however,
that the signature of any such officers must be manual until such time as a Warrant Agent is
appointed.
Warrants bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at
any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such
individuals or any one of them shall have ceased to hold such offices prior to the delivery of such
Warrants or did not hold such offices on the date of this Agreement.
2
In the event that the Company shall appoint a Warrant Agent to act on its behalf in
connection with the division, transfer, exchange or exercise of Warrants, the Warrants issued
after the date of such appointment shall be dated as of the date of countersignature thereof by the
Warrant Agent upon division, exchange, substitution or transfer. Until such time as the
Company shall appoint a Warrant Agent, Warrants shall be dated as of the date of execution
thereof by the Company either upon initial issuance or upon division, exchange, substitution or
transfer.
SECTION
3. Countersignature of Warrants. In the event that the Company shall
appoint a Warrant Agent to act on its behalf in connection with the division,
transfer, exchange or exercise of Warrants, the Warrants issued after the date
of such appointment shall be counter signed by the Warrant Agent (or any
successor to the Warrant Agent then acting as warrant agent) and shall not be
valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. Warrants may be countersigned,
however, by the Warrant Agent (or by its successor as warrant agent hereunder)
and may be delivered by the Warrant Agent, notwithstanding that the persons
whose manual or facsimile signatures appear thereon as proper officers of the
Company shall have ceased to be such officers at the time of such
countersignature, issuance or delivery. The Warrant Agent (if so appointed)
shall, upon written instructions of the Chairman of the Board, the President, an
Executive or Senior Vice President, the Treasurer or the Controller of the
Company, countersign, issue and deliver Warrants entitling the Holders thereof
to purchase not more than 50,000 Warrant Shares (subject to adjustment pursuant
to Section 10 hereof) and shall countersign and deliver Warrants as otherwise
provided in this Agreement.
SECTION
4. Exchange of Warrant Certificates. Each Warrant certificate may be
exchanged, at the option of the Holder thereof, for another Warrant certificate
or Warrant certificates in different denominations entitling the Holder or
Holders thereof to purchase a like aggregate number of Warrant Shares as the
certificate or certificates surrendered then entitle each Holder to purchase.
Any Holder desiring to exchange a Warrant certificate or certificates shall make
such request in writing delivered to the Company at its principal office (or, if
a Warrant Agent is appointed, the Warrant Agent at its principal office) and
shall surrender, properly endorsed, the certificate or certificates to be so
exchanged. Thereupon, the Company (or, if appointed, the Warrant Agent) shall
execute and deliver to the person entitled thereto a new Warrant certificate or
certificates, as the case may be, as so requested, in such name or names as such
Holder shall designate.
SECTION 5. Exercise of Warrants; Listing.
5.1 Exercise of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised upon surrender of the
certificate or certificates evidencing the Warrants to be exercised, together with the form of
election to purchase on the reverse thereof duly filled in and signed, which signature shall be
guaranteed by a bank or trust company or a broker or dealer which is a member of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., to the Company at its principal office (or if appointed,
the principal office of the Warrant Agent) and upon payment of the Warrant Price (as defined in
and determined in accordance with the provisions of Sections 9 and 10 hereof) to the Company
(or if appointed, to the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company), for the number of
Warrant Shares in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised. Payment of the aggregate
Warrant Price (defined in Section 9 herein) shall be made in cash or by certified or bank
cashiers check.
3
Subject to Section 6 hereof, upon the surrender of the Warrant and payment of the
Warrant Price as aforesaid, the Company (or if appointed, the Warrant Agent) shall cause to be
issued and delivered with all reasonable dispatch to or upon the written order of the Holder and
in such name or names as the Holder may designate, a certificate or certificates for the number
of full Warrant Shares so purchased upon the exercise of such Warrant, together with cash, as
provided in Section 11 hereof, in respect of any fractional Warrant Shares otherwise issuable
upon such surrender. Such certificate or certificates shall be deemed to have been issued and
any person so designated to be named therein shall be deemed to have become a holder of record
of such Warrant Shares as of the date of the surrender of such Warrants and payment of the
Warrant Price, as aforesaid. The rights of purchase represented by the Warrant shall be
exercisable, at the election of the Holder thereof, either in full or from time to time in part and,
in the event that a certificate evidencing the Warrant is exercised in respect of less than all of the
Warrant Shares purchasable on such exercise at any time prior to the date of expiration of the
Warrant, a new certificate evidencing the unexercised portion of the Warrant will be issued, and
the Warrant Agent (if so appointed) is hereby irrevocably authorized to countersign and to
deliver the required new Warrant certificate or certificates pursuant to the provisions of this
Section and Section 3 hereof, and the Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent (if
appointed), will supply the Warrant Agent with Warrant certificates duly executed on behalf of
the Company for such purpose.
5.2 Listing of Shares on Securities Exchange; Exchange Act Registration. The
Company will promptly use its best efforts to cause the Warrant Shares to be listed, subject to
official notice of issuance, on all national securities exchanges on which the Common Stock is
listed and whose rules and regulations require such listing, as soon as possible following the date
hereof.
The Company will promptly notify the Holders in the event that the Company
plans to register the Warrants with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act).
SECTION
6. Payment of Taxes. The Company will pay all documentary stamp taxes, if
any, attributable to the initial issuance of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of
Warrants; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any
tax or taxes which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the
issue or delivery of any Warrant or certificates for Warrant Shares in a name
other than that of the registered Holder of such Warrants.
SECTION
7. Mutilated or Missing Warrants. In case any of the certificates
evidencing the Warrants shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the
Company may in its discretion issue and deliver (and, if appointed, the Warrant
Agent shall countersign and deliver) in exchange and substitution for and upon
cancellation of
4
the mutilated Warrant certificate, or in lieu of and
substitution for the Warrant certificate lost, stolen or destroyed, a new
Warrant certificate of like tenor, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably
satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent (if so appointed) of such
loss, theft or destruction of such Warrant and an indemnity or
bond, if requested, also reasonably satisfactory to them. An applicant for such
a substitute Warrant certificate shall also comply with such other reasonable
regulations and pay such other reasonable charges as the Company (or the Warrant
Agent, if so appointed) may prescribe.
SECTION 8. Reservation of Warrant Shares; Purchase and Cancellation of Warrants.
8.1 Reservation of Warrant Shares. There have been reserved, and the Company
shall at all times keep reserved, out of its authorized Common Stock, a number of shares of
Common Stock sufficient to provide for the exercise of the rights of purchase represented by the
outstanding Warrants and any additional Warrants issuable hereunder. The Transfer Agent for
the Common Stock and every subsequent transfer agent for any shares of the Companys capital
stock issuable upon the exercise of any of the rights of purchase aforesaid will be irrevocably
authorized and directed at all times to reserve such number of authorized shares as shall be
required for such purpose. The Company will keep a copy of this Agreement on file with the
Transfer Agent for the Common Stock and with every subsequent transfer agent for any shares
of the Companys capital stock issuable upon the exercise of the rights of purchase represented
by the Warrants. The Warrant Agent, if appointed, will be irrevocably authorized to requisition
from time to time from such Transfer Agent the stock certificates required to honor outstanding
Warrants upon exercise thereof in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Company
will supply such Transfer Agent with duly executed stock certificates for such purposes and will
provide or otherwise make available any cash which may be payable as provided in Section 11
hereof. The Company will furnish such Transfer Agent a copy of all notices of adjustments and
certificates related thereto, transmitted to each Holder pursuant to subsection 10.3 hereof.
8.2 Purchase of Warrants by the Company. The Company shall have the right,
except as limited by law, other agreements or herein, with the consent of the Holder, to purchase
or otherwise acquire Warrants at such times, in such manner and for such consideration as it
may deem appropriate.
8.3 Cancellation of Warrants. In the event the Company shall purchase or
otherwise acquire Warrants, the same shall thereupon be cancelled and retired. The Warrant
Agent (if so appointed) shall cancel any Warrant surrendered for exchange, substitution, transfer
or exercise in whole or in part.
5
SECTION
9. Warrant Price. Subject to any adjustments required by Section 10
hereof, the price per share at which Warrant Shares shall be purchasable upon
exercise of a Warrant (as to any particular Warrant, the Warrant
Price) shall be Eight Dollars and Thirty-One Cents ($8.31) per share.
SECTION 10. Adjustment of Warrant Price and Number of Warrant Shares. The
number and kind of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant and the Warrant
Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time upon the happening of certain events, as
hereinafter defined.
10.1 Adjustments. The number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise
of each Warrant and the Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment as follows:
(a) In the event that the Company shall (i) pay a dividend in shares of
Common Stock or make a
distribution in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide its outstanding shares of
Common Stock, (iii) combine its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
smaller number of shares of Common Stock or (iv) reclassify or change (including
a change to the right to receive, or a change into, as the case may be (other
than with respect to a merger or consolidation pursuant to the exercise of
appraisal rights), shares of stock, other securities, property, cash or any
combination thereof) its Common Stock (including any such reclassification or
change in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the
surviving corporation), the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon exercise
of each Warrant immediately prior thereto shall be adjusted so that the Holder
of each Warrant shall be entitled to receive the kind and number of Warrant
Shares or other securities of the Company or other property which he would have
owned or have been entitled to receive after the happening of any of the events
described above, had such Warrant been exercised immediately prior to the
happening of such event or any record date with respect thereto. An adjustment
made pursuant to this paragraph (a) shall become effective immediately after the
effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such
event.
(b) In case the Company shall issue rights, options or warrants to all
holders of its outstanding
Common Stock, without any charge to such holders, entitling them to subscribe
for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share which is lower at
the record date mentioned below than the then current market price per share of
Common Stock (as defined in paragraph (d) below), the number of Warrant Shares
thereafter purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall be determined by
multiplying the number of Warrant Shares theretofore purchasable upon exercise
of each Warrant by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights,
options or warrants plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock offered
for subscription or purchase in connection with such rights, options or
warrants, and of which the denominator shall be the number of
6
shares of Common
Stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights, options or warrants
plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number
of shares of Common Stock so offered would purchase at the current market price
per share of Common Stock at such record date. Such adjustment shall be made
whenever such rights, options or warrants are issued, and shall become effective
immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled
to receive such rights, options or warrants.
(c) In case the Company shall distribute to all holders of its shares of
Common Stock, (including any distribution made in connection with a merger in which the
Company is the surviving
corporation), evidences of its indebtedness or assets (excluding cash, dividends
or distributions payable out of consolidated earnings or earned surplus and
dividends or distributions referred to in paragraph (a) above) or rights,
options or warrants, or convertible or exchangeable securities containing the
right to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock (excluding those
referred to in paragraph (b) above), then in each case the number of Warrant
Shares thereafter purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall be
determined by multiplying the number of Warrant Shares theretofore purchasable
upon the exercise of each Warrant by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be
the then current market price per share of Common Stock (as defined in paragraph
(d) below) on the date of such distribution, and of which the denominator shall
be the then current market price per share of Common Stock, less the then fair
value (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company or, in the case of
Warrants held by the Lender, an independent investment banker which shall be
mutually agreeable to the parties, whose determination, in each case, shall be
conclusive) of the portion of the assets or evidences of indebtedness so
distributed or of such subscription rights, options or warrants, or of such
convertible or exchangeable securities applicable to one share of Common Stock.
Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made, and shall
become effective on the date of distribution retroactive to the record date for
the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such distribution.
(d) For the purpose of any computation under paragraphs (b) and (c) of
this Section, the current
market price per share of Common Stock at any date shall be the average of the
daily last sale prices for the 20 consecutive trading days ending one trading
day prior to the date of such computation. The closing price for each day shall
be the last reported sales price regular way or, in case no such reported sale
takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices regular
way for such day, in each case on the principal national securities exchange on
which the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if not so
listed or admitted to trading, the last sale price of the Common Stock on the
Nasdaq Stock Market or any comparable system. If the current market price of the
Common Stock cannot be so determined, the Board of Directors of the Company
shall reasonably determine the current market price on the basis of such
quotations as are available.
7
(e) No adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable
hereunder shall be required
unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one
percent (1%) in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of
each Warrant; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this
paragraph (e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken
into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations shall be made with
respect to the number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder, to the nearest
tenth of a share and with respect to the Warrant Price payable hereunder, to the
nearest whole cent.
(f) Whenever the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the
exercise of each Warrant is
adjusted, as herein provided, the Warrant Price payable upon exercise of each
Warrant shall be adjusted by multiplying such Warrant Price immediately prior
to such adjustment by a
fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of Warrant Shares
purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant immediately prior to such
adjustment, and of which the denominator shall be the number of Warrant Shares
purchasable immediately thereafter.
(g) No adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon
the exercise of each
Warrant need be made under paragraphs (b) and (c) if the Company issues or
distributes to each Holder of Warrants the rights options, warrants, or
convertible or exchangeable securities, or evidences of indebtedness or assets
referred to in those paragraphs which each Holder of Warrants would have been
entitled to receive had the Warrants been exercised prior to the happening of
such event or the record date with respect thereto. No adjustment need be made
for a change in the par value of the Warrant Shares.
(h) For the purpose of this subsection 10.1, the term shares of
Common Stock shall
mean (i) the class of stock designated as the Common Stock of the Company at the
date of this Agreement, or (ii) any other class of stock resulting from
successive changes or reclassifications of such shares consisting solely of
changes in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to
par value. In the event that at any time, as a result of an adjustment made
pursuant to paragraph (a) above, the Holders shall become entitled to purchase
any securities of the Company other than shares of Common Stock, thereafter the
number of such other shares so purchasable upon exercise of each Warrant and the
Warrant Price of such shares shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in
a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with
respect to the Warrant Shares contained in paragraphs (a) through (i),
inclusive, and the provisions of Section 5 and subsections 10.2 through 10.5,
inclusive, with respect to the Warrant Shares, shall apply on like terms to any
such other securities.
8
(i) Upon the expiration of any rights, options, warrants or conversion
or exchange privileges, if
any thereof shall not have been exercised, the Warrant Price and the number of
Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall, upon such
expiration, be readjusted and shall thereafter be such as it would have been had
it been originally adjusted (or had the original adjustment not been required,
as the case may be) as if (A) the only shares of Common Stock so issued were the
shares of Common Stock, if any, actually issued or sold upon the exercise of
such rights, options, warrants or conversion or exchange rights and (B) such
shares of Common Stock, if any, were issued or sold for the consideration
actually received by the Company upon such exercise plus the aggregate
consideration, if any, actually received by the Company for the issuance, sale
or grant of all such rights, options, warrants or conversion or exchange rights
whether or not exercised.
10.2 Voluntary Adjustment by the Company. The Company may at its option, at
any time during the term of the Warrants, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount
deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors of the Company.
10.3 Notice of Adjustment. Whenever the number of Warrant Shares
purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant or the Warrant Price of such Warrant Shares is
adjusted, as herein provided, the Company shall, or in the event that a Warrant Agent is
appointed, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent promptly to, mail by first class, postage
prepaid, to each Holder notice of such adjustment or adjustments. Such notice shall set forth the
number of Warrant Shares purchasable upon the exercise of each Warrant and the Warrant Price
of such Warrant Shares after such adjustment, setting forth a brief statement of the facts re
quiring such adjustment and setting forth the computation by which such adjustment was made.
10.4 No Adjustment for Dividends. Except as provided in subsection 10.1, no
adjustment in respect of any dividends shall be made during the term of a Warrant or upon the
exercise of a Warrant.
10.5 Preservation of Purchase Rights Upon Merger, Consolidation, etc. In case
of any consolidation of the Company with or merger of the Company into another corporation or
in case of any sale, transfer or lease to another corporation of all or substantially all the property
of the Company, the Company or such successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be,
shall execute an agreement that each Holder shall have the right thereafter, upon such Holders
election, either (i) upon payment of the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such action,
to purchase upon exercise of each Warrant the kind and amount of shares and other securities
and property (including cash) which he would have owned or have been entitled to receive after
the happening of such consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease had such Warrant been
exercised immediately prior to such action (such shares and other securities and property
(including cash) being referred to as the Sale Consideration) or (ii) to receive, in cancellation
of such Warrant (and in lieu of paying the Warrant price and exercising such Warrant), the Sale
Consideration less a portion thereof having a fair market value (as reasonably determined by the
Company) equal to the Warrant Price (it being understood that, if the Sale
9
Consideration consists
of more than one type of shares, other securities or property, the amount of each type of shares,
other securities or property to be received shall be reduced proportionately); provided, however,
that no adjustment in respect of dividends, interest or other income on or from such shares or
other securities and property shall be made during the term of a Warrant or upon the exercise of
a Warrant. The Company shall mail by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder, notice
of the execution of any such agreement. Such agreement shall provide for adjustments, which
shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section
10. The provisions of this subsection 10.5 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations,
mergers, sales, transfers or leases. The Warrant Agent (if appointed) shall be under no duty or
responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any such agreement
relating to the kind or amount of shares of stock or other securities or property receivable upon
exercise of Warrants or with respect to the method employed and provided therein for any
adjustments and shall be entitled to rely upon the provisions contained in any such agreement.
10.6 Statement on Warrants. Irrespective of any adjustments in the Warrant
Price or the number or kind of shares purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants, Warrants
issued before or after such
adjustment may continue to express the same price and number and kind of shares
as are stated in the Warrants initially issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
SECTION
11. Fractional Interests. The Company shall not be required to issue
fractional Warrant Shares on the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant
shall be presented for exercise in full at the same time by the same Holder, the
number of full Warrant Shares which shall be issuable upon the exercise thereof
shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant Shares
purchasable on exercise of the Warrants so presented. If any fraction of a
Warrant Share would, except for the provisions of this Section 11, be issuable
on the exercise of any Warrant (or specified portion thereof), the Company shall
pay an amount in cash equal to the average of the daily closing sale prices
(determined in accordance with paragraph (d) of subsection 10.1) per share of
Common Stock for the 20 consecutive trading days ending one trading day prior to
the date the Warrant is presented for exercise, multiplied by such fraction.
SECTION
12. No Rights as Shareholders; Notices to Holders. Nothing contained in
this Agreement or in any of the Warrants shall be construed as conferring upon
the Holders or their transferees the right to vote or to receive dividends or to
consent or to receive notice as shareholders in respect of any meeting of
shareholders for the election of directors of the Company or any other matter,
or any rights whatsoever as shareholders of the Company. If, however, at any
time prior to the expiration of the Warrants and prior to their exercise, any of
the following events shall occur:
10
(a) the Company shall declare any dividend payable in any securities upon its
shares of Common Stock or make any distribution (other than a regular cash dividend, as such
dividend may be increased from time to time, or a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock)
to the holders of its shares of Common Stock; or
(b) the Company shall offer to the holders of its shares of Common Stock on
a pro rata basis any cash, additional shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company
or any right to subscribe for or purchase any thereof; or
(c) a dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company (other than in
connection with a consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of its
property, assets, and business as an entirety) shall be proposed,
then in any one or more of
said events the Company shall (a) give notice in writing of such event as
provided in Section 14 hereof and (b) if the Warrants have been registered
pursuant to the Act, cause notice of such event to be published once in The Wall
Street Journal (national edition), such giving of notice and publication to be
completed at least 10 days prior to the date fixed as a record date or the date
of closing the transfer books for the determination of the stockholders entitled
to such dividend, distribution, or subscription rights or for the determination
of stockholders entitled to vote on such proposed dissolution, liquidation or
winding up or the date of
expiration of such offer. Such notice shall specify such record date or the date
of closing the transfer books or the date of expiration, as the case may be.
Failure to publish, mail or receive such notice or any defect therein or in the
publication or mailing thereof shall not affect the validity of any action in
connection with such dividend, distribution or subscription rights, or such
proposed dissolution, liquidation or winding up, or such offer.
SECTION
13. Appointment of Warrant Agent. At such time as the Company shall
register Warrants under the Act, the Company shall appoint a Warrant Agent to
act on behalf of the Company in connection with the issuance, division, transfer
and exercise of Warrants. At such time as the Company appoints a Warrant Agent,
the Company shall enter into a new Warrant Agreement with the Warrant Agent
pursuant to which all new Warrants will be issued upon registration of transfer
or division, which will reflect the appointment of the Warrant Agent, as well as
additional customary provisions as shall be reasonably requested by the Warrant
Agent in connection with the performance of its duties. In the event that a
Warrant Agent is appointed, the Company shall (i) promptly notify the Holders of
such appointment and the place designated for transfer, exchange and exercise of
the Warrants, and (ii) take such steps as are necessary to insure that Warrants
issued prior to such appointment may be exchanged for Warrants countersigned by
the Warrant Agent.
11
SECTION
14. Notices; Principal Office. Any notice pursuant to this Agreement by
the Company or by any Holder to the Warrant Agent (if so appointed), or by the
Warrant Agent (if so appointed) or by any Holder to the Company, shall be in
writing and shall be delivered in person, or mailed first class, postage prepaid
(a) to the Company, at its office, Attention: President or (b) to the Warrant
Agent, at its offices as designated at the time the Warrant Agent is appointed.
The address of the principal office of the Company is 935 Pardee Street,
Berkeley, California 94710. Each party hereto may from time to time change the
address to which notices to it are to be delivered or mailed hereunder by notice
to the other party.
Any notice mailed pursuant to this Agreement by the Company or the Warrant
Agent to the Holders shall be in writing and shall be mailed first class, postage prepaid, or
otherwise delivered, to such Holders at their respective addresses on the books of the Company
or the Warrant Agent, as the case may be.
SECTION
15. Successors. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, all
the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the
Company and the Lender shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective
successors and permitted assigns hereunder.
SECTION
16. Merger or Consolidation of the Company. The Company will not merge or
consolidate with or into, or sell, transfer or lease all or substantially all of
its property to, any other corporation unless the successor or purchasing
corporation, as the case may be (if not the Company), shall expressly assume, by
supplemental agreement, the due and punctual performance and observance of each
and every covenant and condition of this Agreement to be performed and observed
by the Company.
12
SECTION 17. Investment Representations. Lender represents and warrants to BioTime
that:
(a) Lender has received and read the Companys financial statements for the
year ended on December 31, 2000, as will be included in its Form 10-K for such fiscal year, its
annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, and quarterly report
on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2000, and Form 8-K
(the Disclosure Documents). Lender is relying on the information provided in the Disclosure
Documents or otherwise communicated to Lender in writing by the Company. Lender has not
relied on any statement or representations inconsistent with those contained in the Disclosure
Documents. Lender has had a reasonable opportunity to ask questions of and receive answers
from the executive officers and directors of the Company, or one or more of its officers,
concerning the Company and to obtain additional information, to the extent possessed or
obtainable without unreasonable effort or expense, necessary to verify the information in the
Disclosure Documents. All such questions have been answered to Lenders satisfaction;
(b) Lender understands that the Warrant and the Warrant Shares are being
offered and sold without registration under the Act or qualification under the California
Corporate Securities Law of 1968, or under the laws of other states, in reliance upon the
exemptions from such registration and qualification requirements for non-public offerings.
Lender acknowledges and understands that the availability of the aforesaid exemptions depends
in part upon the accuracy of certain of the representations, declarations and warranties contained
herein, which Lender hereby makes with the intent that they may be relied upon by the Company
and its officers and directors in determining Lenders suitability to acquire the Warrant. Lender
understands and acknowledges that no federal, state or other agency has reviewed or endorsed
the offering of the Warrant or the Warrant Shares or made any finding or determination as to the
fairness of the offering or completeness of the information in the Disclosure Documents;
(c) Lender understands that the Warrant and the Warrant Shares may not be
offered, sold, or transferred in any manner, and the Warrant may not be exercised, unless
subsequently registered under the Act, or unless there is an exemption from such registration
available for such offer, sale or transfer;
(d) Lender has such knowledge and experience in financial and business
matters to enable Lender to utilize the information contained in the Disclosure Documents, or
otherwise made available to Lender to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the
Warrant and the Warrant Shares and to make an informed investment decision with respect
thereto.
13
(e) Lender is acquiring the Warrant solely for Lenders own account and for
long-term investment purposes, and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any
distribution of the Warrant or Warrant Shares; and
(f) Lender is an accredited investor, as such term is defined in Regulation D
promulgated under the Act.
SECTION 18. Registration Rights.
(a) The Company agrees, at its expense, upon written request from the
Lender, to register under the Act, the Warrant and the Warrant Shares and to take such other
actions as may be necessary to allow the Warrant and the Warrant Shares to be freely tradable,
without restrictions, in compliance with all regulatory requirements. A written request for
registration shall specify the quantity of the Warrant Shares intended to be sold, the plan of
distribution and the identity of the sellers, which may include the Lender and assignees of its
rights hereunder (collectively, Selling Securities Holders), and whether the registration shall
be pursuant to an underwritten public offering or a shelf registration pursuant to Rule 415 (or
similar rule that may be adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission). The Company
shall not be obligated to file more than two such registration statements, other than registration
statements on Form S-3. The Company shall keep such registration statements effective for a
period of at least nine months, except that registration statements on Form S-3 shall be kept
effective for at least three years ( or such lesser period as the parties may agree, but in no event
beyond the completion of the distribution or distributions being made pursuant thereto). The
Company shall utilize Form S-3 if it qualifies for such use. The Company shall make all filings
required with respect to the registration statements and will use its best efforts to cause such
filings to become effective, so that the Warrant and Warrant Shares being registered shall be
registered or qualified for sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall
be reasonably appropriate for distribution of the Warrant and Warrant Shares covered by the
registration statement. The Company will furnish to the Selling Securities Holders such numbers
of copies of a prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus, in conformity with the
requirements of the Act and such other related documents as the Selling Securities Holders may
reasonably request in order to effect the sale of the Warrant and Warrant Shares. To effect any
offering pursuant to a registration statement under this Section, the Company shall enter into an
agreement containing customary representations and warranties, and indemnification and
contribution provisions, all for the benefit of Selling Securities Holders, and, in the case of an
Underwritten public offering. an underwriting agreement with an investment banking firm
selected by the Lender and reasonably acceptable to the Company, containing such customary
representations and warranties, and indemnification and contribution provisions
14
(b) If, at any time, the Company proposes to register any of its securities
under the Act (otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 18(a) above or on a Form S-8 if such form
cannot be used for registration of the Warrant or Warrant Shares pursuant to its terms), the
Company shall, as promptly as practicable, give written notice to the Lender. The Company
shall include in such registration statement the Warrant and any Warrant Shares proposed to be
sold by the Selling Securities Holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the offering of the
Companys securities is to be made through underwriters, the Company shall not be required to
include the Warrant and Warrant Shares if and to the extent that the managing underwriter
reasonably believes in good
faith that such inclusion would materially adversely affect such offering unless
the Selling Securities Holders agree to postpone their sales until 10 days after
the distribution is completed.
(c) The Company shall pay the cost of the registration statements filed
pursuant to this Agreement, including without limitation all registration and filing fees, fees and
expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws (including counsels fees and expenses
in connection therewith), printing expenses, messenger and delivery expenses, internal expenses
of the Company, listing fees and expenses, and fees and expenses of the Companys counsel,
independent accountants and other persons retained or employed by the Company. Selling
Securities Holders shall pay any underwriters discounts applicable to the Warrant and Warrant
Shares.
SECTION
19. Legends. The Warrants and Warrant Shares issued pursuant to this
Agreement shall bear an appropriate legend, conspicuously disclosing the
restrictions on exercise and transfer under Section 2.2 of this Agreement until
the same are registered for sale under the Act. The Company agrees that upon the
sale of the Warrant and Warrant Shares pursuant to a registration statement or
an exemption, upon the presentation of the certificates containing such a legend
to its transfer agent, it will remove such legend. The Company further
agrees to remove the legend at such time as registration under the Act shall no
longer be required.
SECTION
20. Applicable Law. This Agreement and each Warrant issued hereunder
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
California, without giving effect to principles of conflict of laws.
SECTION
21. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be
construed to give to any person or corporation other than the Company, the
Warrant Agent (if appointed) and the Holders any legal or equitable right,
remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole
and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Warrant Agent and the Holders of the
Warrants.
SECTION
22. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to
be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and
the same instrument.
SECTION 23. Captions. The captions of the Sections and subsections of this Agreement
have been inserted for convenience only and shall have no substantive effect.
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IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly
executed, all as of the day and year first above written.
BIOTIME, INC.
By:/s/ Paul Segall
Name:
Paul Segall, Ph.D
Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Attest:
By:/s/ Judith Segall
Name: Judith Segall
Title: Secretary
/s/ Alfred D. Kingsley
Alfred D. Kingsley
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EXHIBIT A
THIS WARRANT HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
THIS WARRANT MAY NOT BE EXERCISED, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED,
TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED EXCEPT UNDER AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER SUCH ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS,
UNLESS AN EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION IS AVAILABLE.
VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M. NEW YORK TIME, March 26, 2006
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Certificate No.______ Warrant to Purchase
[Insert number of Shares]
-------------------------
Shares of Common Stock
BIOTIME, INC.
COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS
This
certifies that, for value received, [Insert name of Holder] or registered
assigns (the Holder), is entitled to purchase from BioTime, Inc. a
California corporation (the Company), at a purchase price per share
[Insert Warrant Price determined pursuant to Sections 9 and 10 of the Warrant
Agreement] (the Warrant Price), the number of its Common Shares, no
par value per share (the Common Stock), shown above. The number of
shares purchasable upon exercise of the Common Share Purchase Warrants (the
Warrants) and the Warrant Price are subject to adjustment from time
to time as set forth in the Warrant Agreement referred to below. Outstanding
Warrants not exercised prior to 5:00 p.m., New York time, on March 26, 2006
shall thereafter be void.
Subject
to restriction specified in the Warrant Agreement, Warrants may be exercised in
whole or in part by presentation of this Warrant Certificate with the Purchase
Form on the reverse side hereof duly executed, which signature shall be
guaranteed by a bank or trust company or a broker or dealer which is a member of
the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and simultaneous payment
of the Warrant Price (or as otherwise set forth in Section 10.5) of the Warrant
Agreement at the principal office of the Company (or if a Warrant Agent is
appointed, at the principal office of the Warrant Agent). Payment of such price
shall be made in cash or by certified or bank cashiers check. As provided
in the Warrant Agreement, the Warrant Price and the number or kind of shares
which may be purchased upon the exercise of the Warrant evidenced by this
Warrant Certificate are, upon the happening of certain events, subject to
modification and adjustment.
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This
Warrant Certificate is issued under and in accordance with a Warrant Agreement
dated as of March 27, 2001 between the Company and Alfred D. Kingsley and is
subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all
of which the Holder of this Warrant Certificate by acceptance of this Warrant
Certificate consents. A copy of the Warrant Agreement may be obtained by the
Holder hereof upon written request to the Company. In the event that pursuant to
Section 13 of the Warrant Agreement a Warrant Agent is appointed and a new
warrant agreement entered into between the Company and such Warrant Agent, then
such new warrant agreement shall constitute the Warrant Agreement for purposes
hereof and this Warrant Certificate shall be deemed to have been issued pursuant
to such new warrant agreement.
Upon
any partial exercise of the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there
shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate in respect of the
shares of Common Stock as to which the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant
Certificate shall not have been exercised. This Warrant Certificate may be
exchanged at the office of the Company (or the Warrant Agent, if appointed) by
surrender of this Warrant Certificate properly endorsed either separately or in
combination with one or more other Warrant Certificates for one or more new
Warrant Certificates evidencing the right of the Holder thereof to purchase the
aggregate number of shares as were purchasable on exercise of the Warrants
evidenced by the Warrant Certificate or Certificates exchanged. No fractional
shares will be issued upon the exercise of any Warrant, but the Company will pay
the cash value thereof determined as provided in the Warrant Agreement. This
Warrant Certificate is transferable at the office of the Company (or the Warrant
Agent, if appointed) in the manner and subject to the limitations set forth in
the Warrant Agreement.
The
Holder hereof may be treated by the Company, the Warrant Agent (if appointed)
and all other persons dealing with this Warrant Certificate as the absolute
owner hereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights
represented hereby, or to the transfer hereof on the books of the Company, any
notice to the contrary notwithstanding, and until such transfer on such books,
the Company (and the Warrant Agent, if appointed) may treat the Holder hereof as
the owner for all purposes.
Neither the Warrant nor this Warrant Certificate entitles any Holder to any of the rights
of a stockholder of the Company.
This
Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it
shall have been countersigned by the Warrant Agent.]*
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DATED:
BIOTIME, INC.
(Seal) By:___________________________
Title:________________________
Attest:____________________
[COUNTERSIGNED:
,
WARRANT AGENT
By:_________________________]*
Authorized Signature
- --------------------
* To be part of the Warrant only after the appointment of a Warrant Agent pursuant
to Section 13 of the Warrant Agreement.
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PURCHASE FORM
(To be executed upon exercise of Warrant)
To BioTime, Inc.:
The
undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right of purchase
represented by the within Warrant Certificate for, and to purchase thereunder,
shares of Common Stock, as provided for therein, and tenders herewith
payment of the purchase price in full in the form of cash or a certified or bank
cashiers check in the amount of $ .
Please
issue a certificate or certificates for such shares of Common Stock in the name
of, and pay any cash for any fractional share to:
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PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY NAME
OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER (Please Print Name & Address)
OF ASSIGNEE
Address ___________________________
Signature ___________________________
NOTE: The above signature should
correspond exactly with the name on
the face of this Warrant Certificate or
with the name of the assignee
appearing in the assignment form
below.
And, if said number of
shares shall not be all the shares purchasable under the within Warrant
Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate is to be issued in the name of said
undersigned for the balance remaining of the share purchasable thereunder less
any fraction of a share paid in cash.
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ASSIGNMENT
(To be executed only upon assignment of Warrant Certificate)
For
value received, hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto
the within Warrant Certificate, together with all right, title
and interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
attorney, to transfer said Warrant Certificate on the books of
the within-named Company, with full power of substitution in the premises.
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Dated:___________________ ________________________________
NOTE: The above signature should
correspond exactly with the name on
the face of this Warrant Certificate.
Exhibit 23.1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS CONSENT
We consent to the
incorporation by reference in Registration Statements Nos. 33-56766, 33-88968
and 333-30603 of BioTime, Inc. on Form S-8 of our report dated February 16, 2001
(which expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph
related to the development stage of the Companys operations), appearing in
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of BioTime, Inc. for the year ended December 31,
2000.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
March 27, 2001
San Francisco, California
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